2021-01-05 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด S – Sarcastic – ironic

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2021-01-05

ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด S – Sarcastic – ironic

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Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง Sarcastic = ‘sahr-KAS-tik’

ออกเสียง Sarcasm noun = ‘SAHR-kaz-uhm’

ออกเสียง ironic = ‘ahy-RON-ik’

THE NEW DICTIONARY OF CULTURAL LITERACY, THIRD EDITION

sarcasm

A form of irony in which apparent praise conceals another, scornful meaning.

For example,

a sarcastic remark directed at a person who consistently

arrives fifteen minutes late for appointments

might be, “Oh, you've arrived exactly ontime!”

Dictionary.com

BEHIND THE WORD - sarcasm

Where does the word sarcasm come from?

On the hit TV show Friends,

the character Chandler Bing can never help himselffrom being sarcastic.

But, maybe he would think twice

if he knew the origins of the word sarcasm.

Sarcasm is defined as a “sneering or cutting remark.”

Fittingly, the word sarcasm comes from the ancient Greek word sarkázein,

which meant “to tear flesh.”

That verb became a metaphor for “speaking bitterly.”

While we always hear that sticks and stonescan’t break our bones,

even the ancient Greeks recognized that

sarcasm feels like someone is digging into you.

The roots of these other words may get a rise

—of laughter or surprise

—out of you.

Run on over to our roundup of them

at “Weird Word Origins That Will Make Your Family Laugh.”

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Did you know … ?

Many other words derive from the same Greek rootas sarcasm,

including sarcophagus,

a word which literally means “flesh-eating.”

Discover the grisly reasons why at our Words That Use sarco- article

Generally speaking, sarcasm is a form of verbal irony,

in which a person says or writesone thing and means another,

or uses words to convey a meaningthat is the opposite of the literal meaning.

For this reason,

many people sometimes take sarcastic comments at face value.

This is especially true online,

where it’s harder to convey tone and intention

—despite all our emoji and emoticons.

Due to the limitations of digital communication,

some people will often end a sarcastic remarkwith “/sarcasm” or “/s”

so they don’t get misinterpreted.

Sarcasm is commonly used in many kinds of humor,

from self-deprecation to satire.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Choose the Right Synonym for sarcastic

SARCASTIC, SATIRIC, IRONIC, SARDONIC

mean marked by bitterness and a power or will to cut or sting.

SARCASTIC implies an intentional inflicting of pain

by deriding, taunting, or ridiculing.

a critic known for his sarcastic remarks

SATIRIC implies that the intent of the ridiculing is censure and reprobation.

a satiric look at contemporary society

IRONIC implies an attempt to be amusing or provocative

by saying usually the opposite of what is meant.

made the ironic observation that the government could always be trusted

SARDONIC implies scorn, mockery, or derision that is manifested byeither verbal or facial expression.

surveyed the scene with a sardonic smile

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Snarky vs. Sarcastic

Some have questioned whether snarky is a real word.

There can be no doubt that it is;

the adjective has been recorded in English since 1906.

Its original meaning, “crotchety, snappish,”

has largely been overtaken, however,

by the far more frequently-encountered sense “sarcastic, impertinent or irreverent.”

The precise difference between

utterances described as sarcastic

and snarky will vary somewhat based on the individual using each word.

Some feel that sarcastic usually implies irony,

or stating the opposite of what is really intended

(for example, “thank you so much for your promptness”

spoken to someone who arrives late),

whereas snarky implies simple impertinenceor irreverence

(as when Downton Abbey's Dowager Countess

asks Isobel Crawley, “does it ever get coldon the moral high ground?”)

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Trending: ‘sarcasm,’ ‘sarcastic’

Lookups spiked 900% on April 24, 2020

Why are people looking up the words sarcasm and sarcastic?

Sarcasm and sarcastic were among our top lookups on April 24th, 2020,

after President Trump claimed that

his comments the previous day fell into this rhetorical category.

Donald Trump on Friday attempted to clean up a remark he made the previous night

about possibly injecting disinfectants into Americans' bodies

to kill the coronavirus by saying he was merely being "sarcastic,"

a claim undermined by video of the comment.

— John T. Bennett, The Independent (London, Eng.), 24 Apr. 2020

What do the words sarcasm and sarcastic mean?

We define sarcasm as “a sharp

and often satirical or ironic utterance

designed to cut or give pain,”

and “a mode of satirical wit

depending for its effect onbitter, caustic, and often ironic language

that is usually directed against an individual.”

President Trump appears to have

a somewhat broader semantic interpretation of this word than we do,

as he has previously employed it

to retract statements (the last time this word spiked was

when Trump said that

his comments alleging President Obama had founded ISIS were sarcasm).

Where do the words sarcasm and sarcastic come from?

Sarcasm and sarcastic may be traced to the Greek word sarkazein,

which may be defined as “to tear flesh like dogs,” “bite the lips in rage,”

or “speak bitterly, sneer.”

Of the two, sarcasm is the older word, with use dating back to 1550.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Trend Watch

Trump: Statement That Obama Founded ISIS Was 'Sarcasm'

Lookups for 'sarcasm' spiked after Trumpused the word

to describe his claim that

the President of the United States founded ISIS

12 Aug 2016

Sarcasm and sarcastic both shot to the top of our look-ups on August 12th

as Donald Trump sought to explicate his claim

that President Obama founded ISIS (President Obama did not found ISIS):

Donald Trump Explains His Obama-Founded-ISIS Claim as‘Sarcasm’

—The New York Times, 12 Aug. 2016

In reversal, Trump says IS claim about Obama was sarcastic

—The Washington Post, 12 Aug. 2016

Both words may be traced to the Greekword sarkazein,

which may be defined as “to tear flesh like dogs,” “bite the lips in rage,”

or “speak bitterly, sneer.”

Of the two, sarcasm is the older word, with use dating back to 1550.

Sarcasm means "a sharpand often satirical or ironic utterance

designed to cut or give pain"

or "a mode of satirical witdepending for its effect

on bitter, caustic, and often ironic language

that is usually directed against an individual."

Our earliest citation for the word sarcastic

comes from 1638, when Edward Raban used it in a rather self-serving fashion:

To Vindicate, and deliver my self, from the imputation of Sarcastick, bitter, too loose, & liberall speaches, agaynst the most Noble, Worthie, and Transcendant Sexe of WOMEN, (which some, knowing their own imperfect weaknesse, may apprehend to be Calumnies, and detractiue to the whole Sexe) I here make humble Oblation….

—Edward Raban, The Glorie of Man Consisting in the Excellence and Perfection of Woman, 1638

And if you were hoping that

there is a word for a sarcastic person,

you’re in luck: it’s sarcast.

Dictionary.com

Is Ironic The Most Abused Word In English?

“That is sooooo ironic.”

This sentence is used frequently

—and usually incorrectly—in American English.

Often the word ironic is misused to remark on a coincidence,

such as

This is the third time today we’ve run into each other. How ironic.

It is also mistakenly used

to describe something out of the ordinary or unusual:

Yesterday was a beautiful, warm day in November. It was really ironic.

And, unfortunately,

it is sometimes used to simply emphasizesomething interesting.

For example,

Ironically, it was the best movie I’ve seen all year!

We submit that ironic might be the most abused word

in the English language.

What about the song?

Even Alanis Morissette was called out for being too loose with the word

in her 1995 hit “Ironic.”

The critics were so sharp that Morissette was forced to explain

that she wasn’t trying to make every lyric in the song“technically ironic.”

So, what does the word really mean?

And how do you make a proper ironic statement?

An ironic remark conveys a meaning

that is the opposite of its literal meaning.

So, in an ironic statement

one thing is said, while another thingis meant.

For example,

if you were trying to be ironic on a stormy, dreary day,

you might say, “What glorious weather!”

Or if you were suffering from a bad cold,

you might ironically say, “I feel like a million bucks.”

These are both examples of verbal irony,

the most common occurrence of the figure of speech.

Irony vs. sarcasm

Irony is often confused with sarcasm.

While the two are similar,

in sarcasm there is a stronger intentto ridicule or mock,

often harshly or crudely.

Dramatic irony is inherent in speeches

or a situation of a drama

and is understood by the audience

but not grasped by the characters in the play.

Situational irony is an outcomethat turns out to be

very different from what was expected.

This third type is the most prone to ambiguityand personal interpretation,

setting up the potential for misunderstandingand misuse.

Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary

Sarcastic – ironic

Not all ironic comments are sarcastic.

Sarcasm is meant to mock or wound.

Irony can be amusing without being maliciously aimed at hurting anyone.