2021-01-04 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด S – said & same
2021-01-04
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด S – said & same
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง said = ‘SED’
Noun Islam ออกเสียง ‘SAH-id’’
ออกเสียง same = ‘SEYM’
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR SAME
Same, similar
agree in indicating a correspondence
between two or more things.
Same means alike in kind, degree, quality;
that is, identical (with):
to eat the same food every day; at the same price.
Similar means like, resembling, having certain qualities in common,
somewhat the same as, of nearly the samekind as:
similar in appearance;
Don't treat them as if they were the same when they are only similar.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Never use a verb other than "said"to carry dialogue.
The line of dialogue belongs to the character;
the verb is the writer sticking his nose in.
But said is far less intrusivethan grumbled, gasped, cautioned, lied.
I once noticed Mary McCarthy ending a line of dialogue with
"she asseverated," and had to stop reading to get the dictionary.
—Elmore Leonard, "Easy on the Adverbs, Exclamation Points and Especially Hooptedoodle," The New York Times, 16 July 2001
This is a rule that is often repeated,
something that is supposedly the province of "showing, not telling."
But this is less a rule of writing
and more of a personal preference of Leonard's.
There's plenty of lovely prose that uses dialogue verbs besides said:
It came out of the third storey; for it passed overhead.
And overhead—yes, in the room just above my chamber-ceiling
—I now heard a struggle: a deadly one it seemed from the noise;
and a half-smothered voice shouted
—“Help! help! help!” three times rapidly.
“Will no one come?” it cried;
and then, while the staggering and stamping went on wildly,
I distinguished through plank and plaster:
—“Rochester! Rochester! for God’s sake, come!”
—Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, 1847
Brontë uses shouted and cried here,
when we, as astute readers, could probably deduce
that the disembodied voice was likely shouting,
if Jane Eyre could hear it one floor down.
Leonard's dictum that said should be substituted here
substantially changes the meaning of the passage:
instead of a loud struggle above Jane's room,
we'd just have a lot of furniture moving and some mumbling indistinguishable from the floor below.
Shouted and cried also serve to increase the tension of the passage.
One could argue that Brontë was, compared to Leonard,
a florid writer and so a bad example of what Leonard means here.
But even other writers who preferred a sparser style indulged in a few dialogue verbs apart from said every once in a while:
"Ain't she cute?" Red Sam's wife said, leaning over the counter. "Would you like to come be my little girl?"
"No I certainly wouldn't," June Star said. "I wouldn't live in a broken-down place like this for a minion bucks!" and she ran back to the table.
"Ain't she cute?" the woman repeated, stretching her mouth politely.
"Arn't you ashamed?" hissed the grandmother.
—Flannery O'Connor, "A Good Man Is Hard to Find," 1953
O'Connor, one of the American South's most iconic and spare writers, was a devotee of said, but this passage shows that a well-deployed repeated and hissed can add just the right amount of color to a passage, as well as obliquely show the reader something about the character. The hissed here shows that the grandmother in the story is embarrassed at June Star's impertinence, but is also too proper to holler, rant, or yell. The repeated here tells you that the woman is merely doing her social duty: though you don't know much about this woman, you know that she certainly doesn't believe that June Star is cute.
It goes beyond dialogue markers, too:
Beatrice: I / had rather hear my dog bark at a crow than a man / swear he loves me.
—Shakespeare, Much Ado About Nothing, 1598
How much more vehement is Beatrice's declaration when Shakespeare has her use "swear he loves me" over "says he loves me"?
Of course, lots of these non-said dialoguemarkers
are almost as old as said itself is.
Check your dictionary and you’ll see that dialogue verbs like crow, yell, whisper, and groan are contemporaries of said
and had ample use in Old English as well as in Modern English.
Leonard does have one good bit of advice, however:
don't use asseverate for said.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
Usage Note:
The adjective said is used primarily in legal and business writing,
where it is equivalent to aforesaid:
the said tenant (named in a lease); said property.
Outside of these specialized contexts
said is usually unnecessary.
Simply saying the tenant or the property will suffice.
Collins English Dictionary
Usage:
The use of same exemplifiedin
if you send us your order for the materials, we will deliver same tomorrow is common in business and official English.
In general English, however,
this use of the word is avoided:
may I borrow your book? I'll return it (not same) tomorrow
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for same
Adjective
mean not different or not differing from one another.
SAME is used when the things being compared are really one thing
and not two or more things. We saw the same person.
IDENTICAL usually is used when two or more things are just like each other in every way. The two jewels seemed identical.
EQUAL is used when the things being compared are like each other in some particular way. The two baseball players are of equal ability.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Same – similar
Same is almost always used with the.
1. 'the same'
If two or more things are the same, they are alike.
All the streets look the same in the fog.
Essentially, all computers are the same.
2. 'the same as'
You say that one thing is the same as another thing.
He was not the same as the other boys.
The next day was the same as the one before.
Be Careful!
Don't use any preposition except as after the same in sentences like these.
Don't say, for example, 'He was not the same like the other boys'.
You can put a noun between the same and as.
You can say, for example, 'She goes to the same school as her sister'.
Her dress was the same colour as her eyes.
I'm in the same type of job as you.
You can also use the same as to compare actions.
For example, you can say 'She did the same as her sister did',
or just 'She did the same as her sister'.
He said exactly the same as you did.
They've got to earn a living, the same as anybody else.
3. adverbs used with 'the same'
The following adverbs are often used in front of the same:
Exactly nearly almost practically virtually
The next time I saw him he looked exactly the same.
Their policies are practically the same as those of the previous government.
4. 'similar'
If two people or things are similar,
each one has some features that the other one has.
The two friends look remarkably similar.
Our ideas are basically very similar.
You say that one thing is similar to another thing.
It is similar to her last book.
My dress is similar to that, only longer.
You can use similar in front of a noun
when you are comparing a person or thing
to someone or something else that has just been mentioned.
Many of my friends have had a similar experience.
Put them in a jar, bowl, or other similar container.
5. adverbs used with 'similar'
The following adverbs are often used in front of similar:
Broadly rather roughly surprisingly quite
Remarkably strikingly
Their proposals were rather similar.
My problems are very similar to yours.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
said & same
As an adjective, said should not be used
except in legal jargon (the said claimant).
In general speech, this use of saidis wordy
because it is unneeded.
If clarify demands some modifier,
say specified, aforementioned, or referred to.
In a similar way, same is often used outside legal
and commercial contexts in wordy, useless ways.
Substitute it for somein a statement
such as “I have your book and will return it (not some) tomorrow.”
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