2020-12-25
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด R – Relation & relative
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Relation = ‘ri-LEY-shuhn’
ออกเสียง relative = ‘REL-uh-tiv’
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Relation – relative – relationship
These words are used to refer to people
or to connections between people.
1. 'relation' and 'relative'
Your relations or relatives are the members of your family.
I said that I was a relation of her first husband.
I'm going to visit some relatives.
The relations between peopleor groups
are the contacts between them and the way they behave
towards each other.
Relations between the two men had not improved.
Britain has close relations with the US.
2. 'relationship'
You can talk in a similar way about
the relationship between two people or groups.
The old relationship between the friends was quickly re-established.
Senor Zapatero has shown that he is keen to have a close relationship with Britain
.
A relationship is also a close friendship between two people,
especially one involving sexual or romanticfeelings.
When the relationship ended two months ago, he was very upset.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
The People in Your (Extended) Family
Just who are these people?
Ah, family. We know who some of them are
—hi, Mom and Dad, Sis and Bro, Aunt Kimmie
and Uncle Kyle, Cousin Sue, Cousin Sal.
Sometimes, though, you meet someone
you're supposedly related to,
but neither of you really knows quite what the relationship is.
You stand around speculating on just who you are to one another
and throw terms around:
third cousin?, second cousin once removed?, step-half-grand-aunt?
Let's start with the first generally well-known circle
beyond the nuclear family of parents and siblings:
parents of your parents are your grandparents;
children of your siblings are nieces and nephews;
siblings of your parents are aunts and uncles;
children of your aunts and uncles are first cousins.
All that's pretty familiar territory.
Taking a peek next at the most direct line of the generations
that precede us,
we have greats and grands:
your grandparents' parents are your great-grandparents;
their parents are your great-great-grandparents, and so on.
And just as your parents' siblings are auntsand uncles,
so are your grandparents' siblings great-aunts (or grandaunts)
and great-uncles (or granduncles),
and your great-grandparents' siblings
great-great-aunts and great-great-uncles, and so on.
Where it really gets muddled is in the territory of cousins.
As we've already mentioned,
a first cousin is the child of one's aunt or uncle.
You and your first cousins share one set of grandparents
because you each have one parent who is a sibling of the other's.
Let's say you and a first cousin—let's say it's Sue—both have kids.
Your kids and Sue's kids would be second cousins
and would share one set of great-grandparents(the shared grandparents of you and Sue).
Let's say your kids and Sue's kids have kids
—that is, those second cousins have kids.
The children of those second cousins would be third cousins,
and they would share one set of great-great-grandparents
(again, the same shared grandparents of you and Sue).
The children of those third cousins
would then be fourth cousins, and so on.
But what about between generations?
What is Sue, your first cousin, to your own child?
And what is Sue's child to your grandchild?
This is where the word removed comes in:
a relative is "removed"
when that person is of a younger or oldergeneration.
(A note on the term generation: generation here
isn't the kind we read about in discussions about demographics;
it's a single step in the line of descent from an ancestor.
If your sibling is 20 years older than you are,
you are still siblings and in the same generation.
Your children would still be first cousins and in the same generation, even though one might be graduating from college when the other is a baby.)
The degree of a cousin (first, second, third, etc.)
doesn't change between generations,
but the word removed is used to signal a different generation.
Your first cousin Sue is also a first cousinto your own child,
but is removed by a generation,
making Sue your child's first cousin once removed.
And Sue's child is your own first cousin once removed.
Your kids and Sue's kids are second cousins;
to your grandchild, Sue's kids are second cousins once removed.
If you're actively working on figuring out
just how you're related to someone,
a pen and paper are invaluable for wading through the convolutions.
And when you're standing around with the distant relation
you can at the very least know you're in the convolutions together,
even if you don't quite know how you're related.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Relation & relative
Both of these words are sanctioned by leading dictionaries as standard.,
interchangeable terms for kinsman,
a person who is relative by blood or marriage:
“I believe this relation (or relative) of mine is a second cousin.”
Each word is more often used in the plural thansingular form, presumably because nearly everyone has numerous kinsmen:
“My relative (or relation) live in several different states.”
The idiom “no relation of,” not “no relation to,”
should be used in a statement
such as “Bob Moran is no relation of Hank Moran.”
However, to should be used in such sentences
as “Bob Moran is not related to Hank Moran.”
Apparently more skilled writers use relative than relation,
but the term to be selected is a matter of tasteor local custom.
