2020-12-02
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด P – Precede & proceed
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Precede = ‘pri-SEED’
ออกเสียง proceed – Verb =’pruh-SEED’ – Noun = ‘PROH-seed’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
Precede = to go before;
to preface:
precede a statement with a qualification
Not to be confused with:
proceed – progress, emanate, ensue;
move or go forward; to carry on:
proceed to the exit
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
All About '-Cede' and '-Ceed'
And their families of confusing verbs
What to Know
Words ending in -cede or -ceed are related to the Latin cedere
meaning "to go, move away, withdraw, yield."
For example:
secede often means to withdrawfrom a larger area,
concede means to yield to a winning opponent,
and succeed can mean to followafter.
-Cede words got to English from French,
while -ceed words got to English from Middle English.
English has a lot of verbs that end in –cede or -ceed.
While most of them are rather common
and their meanings rather straightforward,
the differences in their spellings can make them hard to keep straight.
'-Cede' Words
Let’s start with cede.
This verb means “to yield or grant typically by treaty”
and comes from a Latin word (cedere) meaning “to go, move away, withdraw, yield.”
It is typically used of territory
(as in “the U.S. ceded control of the Panama Canal to Panama in 1999”)
or things like rights or power (as in “ceded her position as mayor”).
Cede is a homophone of seed,
which itself can be a verb, with meanings ranging from “to plant seeds in”
(as in “they seeded the lawn”) or “to rank or schedule contestants
(as in a tournament)” (as in “the tennis player was seeded among the top three”)
A number of English verbs were formed by addinga Latin prefix to cedere.
Secede is another verb that is typically used of territory;
a region secedes when it is no longer part of a federation.
You can also secede from anorganization,
such as a political party.
Secede was formed by attaching the Latin particle sed- (“apart”) to cedere.
Concede is a verb with the same notion of
giving something other to another as cede.
It can mean “to acknowledge something grudgingly or hesitantly”
(as in “conceded that he might have a point”)
or “to relinquish grudgingly or hesitantly”
(as in “the country’s leader conceded power to the invading army”).
Additionally, concede might mean“to acknowledge as won by an opponent’;
a participant might concede a contest or election to an opponent when it appears to be impossible to win.
Another verb ending in –cede is precede,
which means “to go before (as in rank or order of time),”
as in “the movie trailers that preceded the feature.”
Similarly, the verb recede means “to move back or away”
(such as floodwaters, or a hairline)
or “to grow less or smaller” (such as interest rates).
All of these verbs ending in –cede arerelated to cedere.
But the same is true for a number of common English verbs
that end in –ceed: proceed, succeed, exceed, etc.
'-Ceed' Words
To proceed means to move forward or commence an action
(“the funding allowed them to proceed with the project").
Succeed is essentially the opposite of precede in that
it means “to follow after another (as in rank or order of time).”
It can also mean “to attain a desired end” or“to accomplish what is attempted,”
as in “they succeeded in locating the lost dog.”
Exceed means “to go beyond” or “extend outside of,”
as in “a crowd that exceeded the stadium’s capacity.”
So what accounts for
some verbs being spelled –cede
while others are spelled -ceed?
As we have already mentioned,
all of these verbs descend from the Latin verb cedere.
The difference is in the paths they took from Latin to English.
Precede and concede passed throughFrench and cede may have as well, whereas proceed, succeed, and exceed all passed through Middle English.
And now, we will cede our time on your browser to another page.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Proceed/Precede
Question:
Do the appetizers precede or proceed the main course?
Answer:
precede
How to remember it:
Consider the prefix, pre-.
It means "earlier than," or"before"
- as we can see in a phrase like preexisting condition,
or in the word prefix itself.
To precede is to go or comebefore, or to be earlier than.
The root of proceed means "to go forward,"
a meaning we can see in a sentence like "Let's now proceed with the meal."
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for proceed
SPRING, ARISE, RISE, ORIGINATE, DERIVE, FLOW, ISSUE, EMANATE, PROCEED, STEM
mean to come up or out of something into existence.
SPRING implies rapid or sudden emerging.
an idea that springs to mind
ARISE and RISE may both convey the fact of coming into existence or notice but RISE often stresses gradual growth or ascent.
new questions have arisen slowly rose to prominence
ORIGINATE implies a definite source or starting point.
the fire originated in the basement
DERIVE implies a prior existence in another form.
the holiday derives from an ancient Roman feast
FLOW adds to SPRING a suggestion of abundance or ease of inception.
words flowed easily from her pen
ISSUE suggests emerging from confinement through an outlet.
blood issued from the cut
EMANATE applies to the coming of something immaterial
(such as a thought) from a source.
reports emanating from the capital
PROCEED stresses place of origin, derivation, parentage, or logical cause.
advice that proceeds from the best of intentions
STEM implies originating by dividing or branching off from something as an outgrowth or subordinate development.
industries stemming from space research
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Proceed – precede
1. 'proceed'
If you proceed (/prəsiːd/) to do something,
you do it after you have finished doing something else.
He proceeded to explain.
She proceeded to hand over the key to my room.
In stories and formal English,
if someone proceeds in a particular direction, they go in that direction.
He proceeded downstairs.
...as we were proceeding along Chiswick High Street.
2. 'precede'
To precede (/prɪsiːd/) an event means to happen before it.
Precede is a formal word.
The children's dinner was preceded by party games.
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Precede & proceed
“Precede” means “to go before.” “
Proceed” means to go on.
Let your companion precede you through the door, then proceed to follow her.
Interestingly, the second E is missingin “procedure.”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Precede & proceed
Precede means “to come before,” “to go in advance of.”
Proceed means “to go forward,” “to carry on.”
“Senator Blunt preceded his staff into the room and proceeded to justify his vote on the measure.”
