2020-11-02 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด M - Mad - angry
2020-11-02
160205-1 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด M - Mad - angry
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง mad = ‘MAD’
ออกเสียง angry = ‘ANG-gree’
Chiefly New England and Midland U.S. = inflamed,
as a sore; exhibiting inflammation.
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR MAD
Mad, crazy, insane are used to characterize
wildly impractical or foolish ideas, actions,
etc. Mad suggests senselessness and excess:
The scheme of buying the bridge was absolutely mad.
In informal usage, crazy suggests recklessness and impracticality:
a crazy young couple.
Insane is used with some opprobrium
to express unsoundness and possible harmfulness:
The new traffic system is simply insane.
Dictionary.com
USAGE NOTE FOR MAD
Mad meaning “enraged, angry” has been used since 1400,
and this sense is a very common one.
Because some teachers and usage critics insist that
the only correct meaning of mad is “mentally disturbed, insane,”
mad is often replaced by angry in formal contexts:
The president is angry at Congress for overriding his veto.
COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY
USAGE FOR ANGRY
It was formerly considered incorrect to talk about
being angry at a person, but this use is now acceptable
Collins COBUILD English Usage
angry
Angry is normally used to talk about someone's mood or feelings
on a particular occasion.
If someone is often angry,
you can describe them as bad-tempered.
Are you angry with me for some reason?
She's a bad-tempered young lady.
If someone is very angry, you can describe themas furious.
Senior police officers are furious at the blunder.
If they are less angry,
you can describe them as annoyed or irritated.
The Premier looked annoyed but calm.
...a man irritated by the barking of his neighbour's dog.
Typically, someone is irritated by something
because it happens constantly or continually.
If someone is often irritated, you can describe them as irritable.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language
an′gri·ly adv.
an′gri·ness n.
Synonyms: angry, furious, indignant, irate, ireful, mad, wrathful
These adjectives mean feeling or showing marked displeasure:
an angry retort;
a furious scowl;
an indignant denial;
irate protesters;
ireful words;
mad at a friend;
a wrathful tyrant.
Dictionary.com
HISTORICAL USAGE OF MAD
The history of mad is complicated both in form and in meaning.
In form mad goes back to Old English gemǣd “troubled in mind, demented,” the past participle of an unrecorded verb gemǣdan “to madden, make foolish,” a derivative of the adjective gemād (also mād ) “unreasoning, foolish, mad.”
The Old English forms are from the Germanic adjective gamaidaz “changed for the worse, abnormal.” The element maid- in gamaidaz is from Proto-Indo-European moi-, a variant of the root mei-, moi- “to change, exchange, go, move,” extended with a dental suffix ( -d in Germanic, -t elsewhere).
The same suffixed variant moit- appears in Latin mūtāre “to change, exchange, give and receive in exchange.” Sicilian Greek (therefore likely to be influenced by Latin) has the noun moîtos “thanks, favor, reward,” which is possibly a borrowing from Old Latin moitus.
The progression of senses of mad starts with its original sense in Old English, “troubled in mind, demented.” The senses “rabid (dog),” “foolish or unwise,” and “overcome by desire or eagerness” are all recorded from around 1300. Mad in the sense“enraged, angry” arose after about 1400. This sense of mad is the usual colloquial term in the United States (the British are more likely to use angry ) and has been condemned by the arbiters of usage since the late-18th century. The sense “wildly lively, merry” is an Americanism, associated with jazz and African Americans, and dates to the early 1940s.
like mad (initially, for mad ) is quite old, from the 14th century. We take it today to mean “with great haste or energy,”
but the original meaning was more literal:
“in the manner of one who is mad.”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
mad
Mad is informal when combined with aboutor over
to indicate enthusiasm (mad about football),
It is slang when used to mean “unusual” or “pointless”
(mad conversation)
and “gay” or “frantic” (a mad dash for the train).
“Like mad” is slang for “wildly” (driving like mad),
“To have a mad on” is slang for “to sulk,” “to be angry.”
“Mad as a hatter” is a hackneyed expression.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Word History
Can 'Mad' Mean 'Angry'?
People have complained about it since 1781,
but there's no historical basis for the complaint
The principal meanings of mad, “crazy,” “foolish,” “enthusiastic,” and “angry,” all date back to the 1300s—so far back in the history of the English language that it’s difficult to tell which one came first. Knowing for sure which meaning came first would allow us to plot the progress of the word:
did the “angry” meaning derive from the “crazy” meaning,
or was it the other way around? We may never know.
In British English today, a statement like “He must be mad”
is understood to mean “He must be crazy.”
Nevertheless, even given this shared history,
one particular meaning has often been criticized.
Using mad to mean “angry” has been controversial:
as far back as 1781, this use was described as
“not found in any accurate writer, nor used by any good speaker.”
British critics who disliked the usage labeled it an Americanism
—the kiss of death for a British commentator on English usage.
If it could ever be said that a single meaning of a word had an inferiority complex, it could be said of mad.
But mad meaning “angry” does, in fact, have an English pedigree:
And I punished them oft in every synagogue, and compelled them to blaspheme; and being exceedingly mad against them, I persecuted them even unto strange cities.
—King James Bible, Acts 26:11
I then, all smarting with my wounds being cold, To be so pester'd with a popinjay, Out of my grief and my impatience, Answer'd neglectingly I know not what, He should or he should not; for he made me mad
—Shakespeare, Henry IV Part 1, Act 1, Scene 3
It should be noted, however, that Shakespeare used mad to mean “crazy” much more frequently than he used it to mean “angry.” In British English today, a statement like “He must be mad” is understood to mean “He must be crazy.” So though the “angry” meaning isn’t an Americanism in origin, it has become more standard in American English over time.
Samuel Johnson’s famous dictionary, published in London in 1755, included the sense “enraged; furious,” but Noah Webster in 1828 seemed already aware of the controversy. He includes the definition “Inflamed with anger; very angry,” but adds a note:
This is a common and perhaps the most general sense of the word in America. It is thus used by Arbuthnot, and is perfectly proper.
Another opinion comes from the fine Worcester’s Dictionary of 1860; he calls the usage colloquial and makes very neutral, non-judgmental comments about it:
This is a very common colloquial use of this word in this country; as, he was very mad; that is, very angry; and in this sense it is said to be very common in conversation in England. According to Halliwell, mad is used in the sense of angry in various dialects in England. —“Indeed, my dear, you make me mad sometimes.” Spectator No. 176
Books on English in the early 1900s called this use “careless,” but in fact there never was a reason for stigmatizing mad meaning “angry”—like so many usage controversies, this one was made up by people who confused their own taste with the way language actually works. It's fine to use mad to mean "angry"—even if doing so makes some people mad.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary
usage:
mad has been used in the meaning “enraged, angry” since 1300. Because this sense is sometimes criticized, mad is often replacedbyangryin formal contexts:
The president is angry at Congress for overriding his veto.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
mad
1. 'mad'
In conversation and informal writing,
people often describe a foolish action or idea as mad.
Camping in winter was a mad idea.
You would be mad to refuse such a great offer.
In conversation, mad is sometimes used to mean 'angry'.
If you are mad at someone, you are angry with them.
When she told him she wouldn't go, he got mad.
My parents were mad at me for waking them up so early.
2. 'mad about'
If you are mad about something that has happened, you are angry about it.
He's really mad about being lied to.
In conversation, you can say that someone is mad about an activity,
when they like it very much.
Her daughter is mad about dancing.
The whole family is mad about football.
3. mental illness
If someone has a mental illness that makes them behave in strange ways, don't say that they are 'mad'. You should use the phrase mentally ill.
She spent time in hospital when she was mentally ill.
The drug is used to treat mentally ill patients.
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