2020-10-27
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด L – last - latest
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง last = ‘LAHST’
ออกเสียง latest = ‘LEY-tist’
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR LAST
Last, final, ultimate
refer to what comes as an ending.
That which is last comes or stands
after all othersin a stated series or succession;
last may refer to objects or activities:
a seat in the last row; the last game.
That which is final comes at the end, or serves to end or terminate,
admitting of nothing further;
final is rarely used of objects:
to make a final attempt.
That which is ultimate (literally,most remote)
is the last that can be reached, as in progression or regression,
experience, or a course of investigation: ultimate truths.
BRITISH DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS FOR LAST
USAGE FOR LAST
Since last can mean either after all others or most recent,
it is better to avoidusing this word where ambiguity might arise
as in her last novel.
Final or latest should be used in such contexts to avoid ambiguity
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for last
Verb (1)
CONTINUE, LAST, ENDURE, ABIDE, PERSIST
mean to exist over a period of time or indefinitely.
CONTINUE applies to a process going on without ending. the search for peace will continue
LAST, especially when unqualified, may stress existing beyond what is normal or expected. buy shoes that will last
ENDURE adds an implication of resisting destructive forces or agencies. in spite of everything, her faith endured
ABIDE implies stable and constant existing especially as opposed to mutability. a love that abides through 40 years of marriage
PERSIST suggests outlasting the normal or appointed time and often connotes obstinacy or doggedness. the sense of guilt persisted
Adjective
LAST, FINAL, TERMINAL, ULTIMATE
mean following all others (as in time, order, or importance).
LAST applies to something that comes at the end of a series but does not always imply that the series is completed or stopped. last page of a book last news we had of him
FINAL applies to that which definitely closes a series, process, or progress. final day of school
TERMINAL may indicate a limit of extension, growth, or development. terminal phase of a disease
ULTIMATE implies the last degree or stage of a long process beyond which further progress or change is impossible. the ultimate collapse of the system
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Last – lastly
Last can be an adjective or an adverb.
1. 'last' used as an adjective
The last thing, event, or person of a particular kind is the one that comes after all the others.
He missed the last bus.
They met for the last time just before the war.
He was the last person to see Rebecca alive.
If you want to emphasize that someone or something is the last one of their kind,
you can put very in front of last.
Those were his very last words.
I changed my mind at the very last minute.
Latest is sometimes used in a similar way.
2. 'last' used as an adverb
If something last happened on a particularoccasion,
it has not happened since then.
They last saw their homeland nine years ago.
It's a long time since we met last.
If an event is the final one in a series of similar events,
you can say that it happens last. You put last at the end of a clause.
He added the milk last.
Mr. Ross was meant to have gone first, but in fact went last.
3. 'lastly'
You can also use lastly to say that an event is the final one in a series.
You put lastly at the beginning of a clause.
They wash their hands, arms and faces, and lastly, they wash their feet.
However, last and lastly are not always used in the same way.
You usually use last to say that an event is the final one in a series of similar events. You use lastly when you are talking about events which are not similar.
For example,if you say 'George phoned his aunt last',
you usually mean that George had phonedseveral people and that his aunt was the last person he phoned. If you say 'Lastly George phoned his aunt', you mean that George had done several things and that the last thing he did was to phoned his aunt.
Lastly has a much more common use.
You use it to introduce a final point in a discussion,
ask a final question, give a final instruction, or mention a final item in a list.
Lastly, I would like to thank Mr. Mark Collins for his advice, assistance and patience.
Lastly I would like to ask about your future plans.
4. 'at last'
At last and at long last are used to show that something that you have been waiting for or expecting for a long time has happened.
These expressions usually go at the beginning or end of a clause.
The journey had taken a long time, but they had arrived at last.
At long last I've found a woman who really loves me.
5. 'last' with time expressions
You use last in front of a word such as week or month to say when something happened.
For example, if it is August and something happened in July, you say that it happened last month.
Wolfgang and I had lunch with her last month.
The group held its first meeting last week.
Be Careful!
Don't say that something happened 'the last month' or 'the last week'.
Last can be used in a similar way in front of the names of festivals, seasons, months, or days of the week.
Last Christmas we received more than a hundred cards.
She died last summer.
I bought these shoes last Saturday.
Don't, however, say 'last morning' or 'last afternoon'.
Say yesterday morning or yesterday afternoon.
It's warmer this morning than it was yesterday morning.
Yesterday afternoon I had lunch with Cameron.
Be Careful!
Don't say 'last evening'.
Say yesterday evening or last night.
Yesterday evening another British soldier was killed.
I've been thinking about what we said last night.
6. 'previous' and 'before'
When you are describing something that happened in the past
and you want to refer to an earlier period of time,
you use previous or before instead of 'last'.
For example, if you are talking about events that happened in 2005 and you want to mention something that happened in 2004, you say that it happened the previous year or the year before.
We had had an argument the previous night.
He had done some work on the farmhouse the previous summer.
The two women had met in Bonn the weekend before.
The quarrel of the night before seemed forgotten.
7. 'before last'
You use before last to refer to the period of time immediately before the most recent one of its kind. For example, the year before last means 'the year before last year'.
We went camping the summer before last.
I have not slept since the night before last.
8. 'the last'
You can also use last to refer to any period of time measured back from the present.
For example,if it is July 23rd and you want to refer to the period from July 2nd to the present, you refer to it as the last three weeks.
Note thatyou must use the. If you want to say that something happened during this period, you say that it happened in the last three weeks or during the last three weeks.
He had asked himself that question at least a thousand times in the last eight days.
All this has happened during the last few years.
Be Careful!
Note the order of words in these examples.
Don't say'the eight last days' or 'the few last years'.
Be Careful!
Don't use 'in the last' or 'during the last' on their own with a plural noun
such as 'years' or 'days'.
For example,
don't say'Many changes have been made in the last years'.
Use a quantity word or a number.
For example,say 'Many changes have been made in the last few years'.
Or use recent instead. For example, you can say 'Many changes have been made in recent years'.
Usage of latest – last
You use latest or last to talk about one of a series of events which is continuing to happen, or one of a series of things which someone is continuing to have or produce.
1. events
If one of a series of events is happening now or has just happened, you refer to it as the latest one.
The latest closure marks yet another chapter in the history of Gebeit.
You refer to the event before the latest one as the last one.
If no event of the kindyou are talking about has happened recently, you refer to the most recent one as the last one.
...the weeds that had grown since the last harvest.
2. things you have or produce
If someone keeps having or producing a series of things,
you refer to the one they have now or the one they have produced most recently as their latest one.
...her latest boyfriend.
...her latest book.
You refer to the one before their latest one as their last one.
If they have not had or produced one recently,
you refer to their most recent one astheir last one.
Loach has not been idle since Family Life, his last film for the cinema.
You can talk about more than one thing in this way by putting last in front of a number.
For example, you can talk about 'his last three books'.
Her last two pictures have been disasters.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
last - latest
The adjective and adverb late has laterfor its comparative degree
and last and latest as the superlative.
Both superlatives mean “coming after all others,”
but last has more extended meaning than latest.
Latest is restricted to a meaning of “current” and “most recent”:
“This is the latest bulletin on the disaster.”
“His suit was cut in the latest style.”
Last means “final” (in his last illness); “conclusive” (the last word in the argument); “extreme” (the legal degree of agony); “pertaining to the end” (the lastday of the year); and “single” (every last seat in the house).
Remember that last suggests an end, a finality, that latest does not:
“Let’s hope his latest mistake will be his last.”
“When I last saw her, she was excited about her latest boyfriend.”
