2020-10-27
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - ชุด L – Lack – want - need
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Lack =’LAK’
ออกเสียง want = ‘WAWNT’
ออกเสียง need = ‘NEED’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
need
lack; requirement; necessity
Not to be confused with:
knead – work dough or clay into a mass; massage
kneed – struck or touched with the knee
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR LACK
Lack, want, need, require as verbs
all stress the absence ofsomething desirable, important, or necessary.
Lack means to be without or to have less than a desirable quantity of something:
to lack courage, sufficient money, enough members to make a quorum.
Want may imply some urgency in fulfilling a requirement or a desire:
Willing workers are badly wanted.
The room wants some final touch to make it homey.
Need often suggests even more urgency than does want
stressing the necessity of supplying what is lacking:
to need an operation, better food, a match to light the fire.
Require, which expresses necessity as strongly as need,
occurs most frequentlyin serious or formal contexts:
Your presence at the hearing is required.
Successful experimentation requires careful attention to detail.
SYNONYM STUDY FOR NEED
Need, necessity imply a want, a lack, or a demand, which must be filled.
Need, a word of Old English origin, has connotations that make it strong in emotional appeal: the need to be appreciated.
Necessity, a word of Latin origin, is more formal and impersonal or objective; though much stronger than need in expressing urgency or imperative demand, it is less effective in appealing to the emotions: Water is a necessity for living things. 7. See poverty.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language
LACK
Usage Note:
When lack is used in the sense "to be wanting or deficient,"
it is typicallyfollowed by in: You will not be lacking in support from me.
When lack is used in the sense of "to be in need of something,"
it is often followed by for: "In the terrible, beautiful age of my prime, / I lacked for sweet linen but never for time" (E.B. White).
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language
Need
Usage Note:
Depending on the sense,
the verb need behaves sometimes like an auxiliary verb (such as can or may)
and sometimes likea main verb (such as want or try).
When used as a main verb, need agrees with its subject,
takes to before the verb following it,
and combines with do inquestions, negations, and certain other constructions:
He needs to go. Does he need to go so soon? He doesn't need to go.
When used asan auxiliary verb, need does not agree with its subject, does not take to before the verb following it, and does not combine with do:
He needn't go. Need he go so soon?
The auxiliary formsof need are used primarily in present-tense questions, negations, and conditional clauses.
Unlike can and may, auxiliary need has no form for the past tense like could and might. ·
When need is used as the main verb, it can be followed by a present participle,
as in The car needs washing, or by to be plus a past participle,
as in The car needs to be washed.
However, in some areas of the United States,
especially western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio,
many speakers omit to be and use just the past participle form,
as in The car needs washed.
This use of need with past participles is more common in the British Isles,
being particularly prevalent in Scotland.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary
syn: lack, want, need, require
indicate the absence of somethingdesirable, important, or necessary.
lack means to be without or to have less than a desirable quantity of something:
to lack courage; to lack sufficient money.
want stresses the urgency of fulfilling a desire or providing what is lacking:
The room wants some final touch to make it homey.
need suggests even more urgency, stressing the necessity of supplying something essential: to need an operation.
require has a similar sense, although it is used in formal or serious contexts:
The report requires some editing.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Lack can be a noun or a verb.
1. used as a noun
If there is a lack of something, there is not enough of it,
or it does not exist at all.
I hated the lack of privacy in the hostel.
2. used as a verb
If someone or something lacks a quality, they do not have it.
Often new mothers lack confidence in their ability to look after their newborn baby properly.
Our little car lacked the power to pass other cars.
Be Careful!
Don't say that someone or something 'lacks of a quality'.
Be Careful!
You can't use a passive form of 'lack'.
Don't say, for example, 'Resources are lacked in this school'.
Say 'This school lacks resources.'
Collins COBUILD English Usage
need
Need has the negative forms need not and do not need.
The contracted forms needn't and don't need are also used.
However, you cannot useall these forms for all meanings of need.
This is explained below.
1. used as a transitive verb
If you need something, it is necessary for you to have it.
These animals need food throughout the winter.
He desperately needed money.
For this meaning of need, the negative form is do not need.
You do not need special tools for this job.
I don't need any help, thank you.
I didn't need any further encouragement.
Be Careful!
Don't use a progressive form of 'need'.
Don't say,for example, 'We are needing some milk'.
Say 'We need some milk'.
2. used as an intransitive verb or modal
If you need to do something, it is necessary for you to do it.
You'll need to work hard to pass this exam.
For an answer to these problems we need to look elsewhere.
You must use to in sentences like these. Don't say, for example, 'You'll need work hard to pass this exam'.
3. questions and negatives
In negative statements you usually use do not need to. You say, for example, 'He doesn't need to go'. You can also use need not as the negative form. For example, you can say 'He needn't go'. However, this is less common and more formal. Don't say 'He doesn't need go' or 'He needn't to go'.
You don't need to shout.
You needn't talk about it unless you want to.
In questions,you almost always use do and need to.
You usually only use need on its own in a few set phrases,
such as 'Need I say more?' and 'Need I remind you?'
Do you need to go?
Need I remind you that you owe the company money?
4. 'must not'
If you tell someone that they don't need to or need not do something,
you are saying that it is not necessary for them to do it.
If you want to say that it is necessary for someone not to do something,
don't use 'need'. Instead you use must not or mustn't.
You must not accept it.
We mustn't forget the tickets.
See must
5. talking about the past
If you want to say that it was not necessaryfor someone to do something at a time in the past, you say that they didn't need to do it or they didn't have to do it.
Don't saythat they 'needn't' do it.
I didn't need to say anything at all.
Fortunately, she didn't have to choose.
However, in a reporting structure you can use needn't.
They knew they needn't worry about me.
If someone has done something and you want to say that it was not necessary,
you can say that they needn't have done it.
I was wondering whether you were eating properly, but I needn't have worried, need I?
6. 'need' with -ing forms
You can use need with an -ing form to say that something should have something done to it.
For example, you can say 'The cooker needs cleaning', rather than 'The cooker needs to be cleaned'.
The plan needs improving.
We made a list of things that needed doing.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for want
Verb
DESIRE, WISH, WANT, CRAVE, COVET
mean to have a longing for.
DESIRE stresses the strength of feeling and often implies strong intention or aim. desires to start a new life
WISH sometimes implies a general or transient longing especially for the unattainable. wishes for permanent world peace
WANT specifically suggests a felt need or lack. wants to have a family
CRAVE stresses the force of physical appetite or emotional need. craves sweets
COVET implies strong envious desire. covets his rise to fame
Noun
POVERTY, INDIGENCE, PENURY, WANT, DESTITUTION
mean the state of one with insufficient resources.
POVERTY may cover a range from extreme want of necessities to an absence of material comforts. the extreme poverty of the slum dwellers
INDIGENCE implies seriously straitened circumstances. the indigence of her years as a graduate student
PENURY suggests a cramping or oppressive lack of money. a catastrophic illness that condemned them to years of penury
WANT and DESTITUTION imply extreme poverty that threatens life itself through starvation or exposure. lived in a perpetual state of want the widespread destitution in countries beset by famine
Collins COBUILD English Usage
want
1. basic use
If you want something, you feel a need for it or a desire to have it.
Do you want a cup of coffee?
All they want is some sleep.
In informal conversation, people sometimes use present progressive and past progressive forms of want.
I think someone is wanting to speak to you.
They were all wanting to be on the team.
Be Careful!
Don't use present progressive or past progressive forms of want in formal speech or writing.
However, want can be used in the present perfect progressive, the past perfect progressive and the future progressive, in both formal and informal English.
John had been wanting to resign for months.
These new phones are getting very popular – soon everyone will be wanting one.
2. used with a to-infinitive
You can say that someone wants to do something.
They wanted to go shopping.
I want to ask you a favour, Sara.
Be Careful!
Don't say that someone 'wants to not do something'
or 'wants not to do something'.
Say that they don't want to do it.
I don't want to discuss this.
He didn't want to come.
Instead of usinga to-infinitive clause,
you can sometimes use to on its own after don't want.
For example,
instead of saying 'I was asked to go, but I didn't want to go',
you would normally say'I was asked to go, but I didn't want to'.
Don't say'I was asked to go, but I didn't want it'
or 'I was asked to go, but I didn't want'.
I could do it faster, but I just don't want to.
He should not be forced to eat it if he doesn't want to.
You can saythat you want someone else to do something.
I want him to learn to read.
The little girl wanted me to come and play with her.
Be Careful!
Don't use a that-clause after want.
Don't say,for example, 'I want that he should learn to read'.
3. requests
You don't normally use 'want' when you are making a request.
It is not polite, for example, to say in a shop 'I want a box of matches, please'.
You should say'Could I have a box of matches, please?'
or just 'A box of matches, please.'
4. another meaning of 'want'
In British English, in conversation and in less formal writing,
want has another meaning.
If something wants doing, there is a need for it to be done.
We've got a few jobs that want doing in the garden.
The windows wanted cleaning.
Be Careful!
Don't use a to-infinitive in sentences like these.
Don't say, for example, 'We've got a few jobs that want to be done in the garden'.
5. 'be about to'
Don't use'want to' to say that someone is going to do something very soon.
Use the expression be about to.
Don't say,for example, 'I was just wanting to leave when the phone rang'.
Say 'I was just about to leave when the phone rang'.
Her father is about to retire soon.
I can't talk now, because I'm just about to go to work.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Lack – want – need
Lack refers to a deficiency, to the absence of something desirable, customarily, or needful: “He feels a Lack of confidence among his followers.”
“I am suffering from a Lack of money and time.”
Want and need,as nouns, may have much the same meaning:
“a necessity,” “something that is required or demanded.”
One may say“My wants (or my needs) are few.”
Need has connotationsthat give it an emotional appeal (a need to be loved).
Approximate synonymsfor lack and want
include dearth, scarcity, inadequacy, deficit, and insufficiency.
Distinctions among these words when used as verbs
can be suggestedby these sentences:
“These plants lack water,”
“These plants want water.”
“These plants need water.”
In the first sentence, lack suggest deficiency;
In the second, want suggests desire;
In the third, need implies necessity.
