2020-10-26
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด J – Just - justified
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Just = ‘JUHST’
ออกเสียง justified = ‘JUHS-tuh-fahy’
Dictionary.com
Are You Using the Word “Just” Too Much?
Does it eversound like people overuse the word just these days,
when being indecisive, indirect,
or, worse yet, passive-aggressive—especially in the workplace?
Maybe you’ve heard your boss ask:
“I know it’s a Saturday, but if you could, you know, just send me over the document when’s it all done, that’d be great, thanks!”
Or maybe you were the one smuggling in some criticism and doubts with just:
“You worked hard on this project, I know, I just still have some questions about it.”
Sometimes, just is just a way we waffle:
“Tacos sound delicious. Pizza sounds delicious. Thai sounds delicious. I just can’t decide.”
The word just definitely has its place,
and we relyon this word for good reason:
it helps soften a request or concern that we don’t want to come across as too forceful.
But overusing a wordlike just in this way can backfire,
making youcome across as insincere or manipulative—far from polite!
Let’s take some time to look at this use of just
and see if we can come up with some good alternatives
to use whenthis word isn’t helping us be good communicators.
What does just mean?
Just is a very versatile word.
The word just comes from the Latin word jūstus,
meaning “righteous” and from the noun jūs, “law, right.”
As an adjective, the word just is widely and variously used to discuss lawfulness, fairness, and morality,
e.g., a just society or a just cause. The word justice is, indeed, related.
Here, however, we are concerned with the use of just as an adverb
—which does ultimately emerge from those original“fair”
adjective senses of the word.
As an adverb, just has many applications,
e.g., He went to college when he was just 17; Just as we need to pay attention to our physical health, so we need to take care of our mental health;
or The baby just fell asleep a few minutes ago.
But the passive-aggressive just
—you know, the one that is increasingly grating people’s ears
through overusein personal and professional requests
—is specifically used as what some linguists refer to as a politeness marker.
Politeness markers are words and phrases meant to create cooperation, show deference, and well,
avoid beingmean and bossy while living in a society where we all have to get along but still need things from each other.
Some other examplesof politeness markers include hedging phrases
like kind of and sort of or the subjective framing of phrases,
e.g., I guess or If I could ask a question.
Just is especially used to soften the force of a demand or weaken an imposition.
How does just get overused?
Politeness markers are incredibly useful.
We need themto communicate effectively, which often means respectfully, to navigate life. They are like social lubricants and glues.
But when politeness markers like just get overused,
especiallyin workplace or educational settings,
they can have the opposite effect:
they seem impolite. Too much hedging can come across as indecisive.
Too much indirectness can come across as unassertive.
Overusingpoliteness markers like just can sound condescending and infantilizing.
It can waste time and squander respect. It can result in mixed messages and cause confusion.
COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY
USAGE FOR JUST
The use of just with exactly
(it's just exactly what they want) is redundant
and should be avoided: it's exactly what they want
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for just
Adjective
FAIR, JUST, EQUITABLE, IMPARTIAL, UNBIASED, DISPASSIONATE, OBJECTIVE
mean free fromfavor toward either or any side.
FAIR implies a proper balance of conflicting interests. a fair decision
JUST implies an exact following of a standard of what is right and proper. a just settlement of territorial claims
EQUITABLE implies a less rigorous standard than JUST and usually suggests equal treatment of all concerned. the equitable distribution of the property
IMPARTIAL stresses an absence of favor or prejudice. an impartial third party
UNBIASED implies even more strongly an absence of all prejudice. your unbiased opinion
DISPASSIONATE suggests freedom from the influence of strong feeling and often implies cool or even cold judgment. a dispassionate summation of the facts
OBJECTIVE stresses a tendency to view events or persons as apart from oneself and one's own interest or feelings. I can't be objective about my own child
UPRIGHT, HONEST, JUST, CONSCIENTIOUS, SCRUPULOUS, HONORABLE
mean having or showinga strict regard for what is morally right.
UPRIGHT implies a strict adherence to moral principles. a stern and upright minister
HONEST stresses adherence to such virtues as truthfulness, candor, or fairness. known for being honest in business dealings
JUST stresses conscious choice and regular practice of what is right or equitable. workers given just compensation
CONSCIENTIOUS and SCRUPULOUS imply an active moral sense governing all one's actions and painstaking efforts to follow one's conscience.
conscientious in the completion of her assignments
scrupulous in carrying out the terms of the will
HONORABLE suggests a firm holding to codes of right behavior and the guidance of a high sense of honor and duty. a difficult but honorable decision
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
'Would just as soon' vs. 'Would just assume'
One is an idiom; one is an eggcorn.
What to Know
Would just as soon is an idiom that means you would much rather something
(or anything) else than what was suggested,
such as "I would just as soon starve than eat there again."
This phrase is sometimes incorrectly stated or written as "would just assume," which is an eggcorn, ora soundalike phrase that is used mistakenly.
Despite the Lightning's less-than-stellar postseason performance most Lightning fans would just assume forget, the Bolts had a stellar regular season in 2018-19.
— Boltsbythebay.com, 3 Oct. 2019
Hyde wound up leading the Texans with 1,070 yards, which set a career high for the 2014 second-round pick and left him feeling like he’d just assume pick up where he left off rather than start fresh with a different team.
— NBCSports.com, 13 Jan. 2020
"If you're going to be vulgar, I'd just assume you'd not speak at all."
— The Baltimore Sun, 25 Oct. 2012
What is an Eggcorn?
We assume—or, rather, we think that it is likely
—that many readersof the above quotes caught something that stuck out.
But that's just an assumption.
The eggcorn,which is a word or phrase that sounds like
and is mistakenly usedfor another, in the quotes tells us
that the mistake is wily enoughto slip past writers and copyeditors alike.
So as not to leave readers in the dark,
"would just assume" should be "would just as soon."
Here are a couple examples using the correct phrase (just can be omitted):
We asked him to come with us, but he said he'd just as soon stay home and watch a movie.
I would (just) as soon starve than go to that restaurant again.
It's a rich and unusual theme for a TV drama to explore: the idea that the world is done with you, would just as soon you went away, and yet you just have to keep on living and living.
— James Poniewozik, Time, 16 May 2012
It always feels impolite to walk between a camera and its object, even if it means hanging around for half an hour on a narrow bridge, waiting for the photographer to compose the perfect picture. But who would dare break into the field of vision policed by a selfie stick? I would as soon walk between two lovers kissing. — Howard Jacobson, BBC.com, 10 Apr. 2015
Other "would" phrases are "would sooner" or "would rather."
She would rather drive than take the train.
Cooking is sometimes about fantasy and today’s is that you’re going to bake black and white cookies this evening, on a Monday night in the middle of July, when most people would sooner read old TV Guides at the laundromat than turn on the oven.
— Sam Sifton, The New York Times, 15 July 2019
Usage of 'Soon'
All theseforms of expression are used to indicate
what someone wants or prefers to do, have, etc.,
over something else,
and soon adds a sense of immediacy or promptness to them
as well asto the common "the sooner the better" and "no sooner said than done."
Non-idiomatic examplesof the adverb are "She found a job soon after graduation" and "I'll get there as soon as I can."
As and soon have a history together. Early evidence of the pair goes back to the 13th century, and in the past, they were sometimes written as one word—for example, assone, assoone, asoone, and assoon.
Assone as he had ended his devotion, … he was willing to sweeten the tast of this passed tumult, with some rural pastimes.
— Sir Philip Sidney, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia, 1613
Come, come, thou art as hot a jacke??CHECK(SACKE?) in thy moode, / as any in Italie; and assoone moved to be moodie, and assoone / moodie to be moved.
—The Most Lamentable Tragedie of Romeo and Juliet, in Twenty of the Plays of Shakespeare, 1766
Incorrect Usage of 'Would Just Assume'
We assume"would just assume" was first hatched shortly after the longtime pair "as soon" begins to be applied in the phrase "would just as soon." When exactly that first occurs, we can't say for sure. We can say with confidence, however, that there is definitely a phonetic similarity between "as soon" and assume and that the use of assume in the set expression is syntactically illogical—which qualifies "would just assume" as an eggcorn.
It should be pointed out that in some contexts, the verb assume properly follows the modal verb would, as in "I would just assume [=think, suppose] the opposite" or"I would assume that he'd be joining us." These examples illustratethe familiar "guessing" sense of assume. But there is no guessing implied by the idiom "would (just) as soon"; rather, it implies that a subject "would rather," "would sooner," or "prefers to" carry out the action indicated by the following verb than a stated or suggested alternative.
We would just as soon keep writing about this topic than bring it to a close. But we assume that we have successfully conveyed to you that the correct phrase is "would just as soon," not "would just assume." We presume then that we are done.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Just – justified
Just is an adjective with the primary meaning of “guided by fairness, truth, and reason.”
A just man is justly honored by others.
Justly should never be used as a noun.
In its adverbial use, just has additional meaning.
It is used to mean “precisely” (just perfect), “narrowly” (just missed the bus), “recently” (just got here), and “only” (just a taste).
Phrases such as“just exactly” (I have just exactly $10) and ‘justrecently” (He just recently got here) really say the same thing twice.
“Just about” (I’m just about to leave) seems self-contradictory, since the words mean “precisely approximately.”
However, this book is not just about going to deny that the idiom is common and deep-rooted, although one might occasionally say very nearly or almost, instead of the idiomatically (but not logically) acceptable “just about.”
END OF J
