2020-10-12 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด H -– horrible & horrid
2020-10-12
151225-1 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด H -– horrible & horrid
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง horrible = ‘HAWR-uh-buhl’
ออกเสียง horrid = ‘HAWR-id’
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
What does horrible mean?
Horrible is popularly used to mean extremely bad—awful, dreadful, or horrendous.
When it’s used to describe a person, it often means extremely disagreeable or cruel.
Much less commonly, it can mean literally causing horror—horrifying or horrific.
Example: Everyone seems to like that restaurant, but I had a horrible experience there—bad food and even worse service.
VOCAB BUILDER
What does horrid mean?
Horrid is popularly used to meanextremely bad—awful, dreadful, or horrible.
When it’s used to describe a person, it often meansextremely disagreeable or cruel.
Much less commonly, it can mean literally causing horror—horrifying or horrific.
Example: Everyone seems to like that restaurant, but I had a horrid experience there—bad food and even worse service.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Horrible – horrid – horrific – horrifying – horrendous
1. describing unpleasant events or experiences
All of these words except horrid can be used to describe a very unpleasant and shocking event, experience, or story.
Still the horrible shrieking came out of his mouth.
It was one of the most horrific experiences of my life.
...the horrifying descriptions of life in the trenches.
...the horrendous murder of a prostitute.
2. expressing dislike
In conversation, people use horrible and horrid to show their dislike for someone or something.
These words can be used to describe almost anythingwhich is unpleasant, ugly, disgusting, or depressing.
The hotel was horrible.
His suit was a horrible colour.
We had to live in a horrid little flat.
3. for emphasis
Horrible is also used in front of a noun to emphasize how bad something is.
For example, you can say 'I've made a horrible mistake'.
Everything's in a horrible muddle.
Horrendous is usually used to describe something which is extremely difficult to deal with.
...horrendous problems.
The cost can be horrendous.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
horrible & horrid
Each of these words means
“dreadful” “extremely unpleasant or disagreeable,” “abominable.”
One can speak of “a horrid disease” or “a horribledisease”
with equal meaning and emphasis.
Both words are intensive, that is, terms that have a strong emotional meaning and that usually exaggerate what is actually in mind.
Consequently, horrible and horrid should be used thoughtfully and sparingly.
Few acts, conditions, or thoughts can truly be saidto caused horror, and overwhelming or revolting.
Perhaps slightly less forceful words may, on occasion,
be more apt:
shocking, fearful, horrendous, dismaying, frightening, startling, intimidating, scary, alarming,
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Word History
The Hirsute History of 'Horror'
This history will make your hair stand on end
What to Know
Horror, today meaning “a very strong sense of fear or dread”
has its origins in a Latin verb meaning “to bristle” in that horror originally referred to the state of hair standing on end, often due to fear.
Today, horror isn’t associated with hair, and an etymologically related word, hirsute, has filled the gap.
A horror film may make your hair stand on end, but, in an unusually perfect example of etymological symmetry, the idea of hair standing on end is literally the origin of the word horror.
Horror' comes from a Latin verb meaning "to bristle" or "to shudder"—the idea being that a horrified person's hair stands on end.
Origin of Horror
Horror came into English through the French spoken in Britain in the 13th and 14th centuries, and ultimately comes from Latin. Like valor, color, honor, and humor, it’s spelled the same way in English as it is in Latin (these words were re-Latinized in modern American English from a variety of French and Middle English spellings). Horror derives from the verb horrēre, which had several meanings:
to stand up, to bristle
to have a rough, unkempt appearance
to shudder, to shiver (with cold)
to tremble (with fear)
The “bristle” sense became the basis for the original meaning of the Latin noun horror: “the action or quality (in hair) of rising or standing stiffly, bristling” (according to the Oxford Latin Dictionary). Bristling from cold or fear—shuddering or shivering—led to the development of the meaning “a quality or condition inspiring horror” or “a thing which brings terror.” The symptom became the cause.
The “shuddering” or “shivering” senses of horror were in use into the 20th century. In the 1934 Webster’s Second Unabridged, a medical sense of horror was defined as:
A shaking, shivering, or shuddering, as in the cold fit which precedes a fever; in old medical writings, a chill of less severity than a rigor, and more marked than an algor.
And the 1961 edition, Webster’s Third Unabridged, added a specific sense for the plural form horrors as a synonym of delirium tremens: “a violent delirium with tremors.”
The physical appearance of hair standing on end led to the other intermediate meaning between “bristling” and “bringing terror”: “roughness of appearance.”
This became an early meaning of horror in English, a meaning shared with another descendant of horrēre, horrid, which originally meant “rough” or “bristling,” meanings that are now archaic. It was used with this meaning in Richard Burton’s The Anatomy of Melancholy, from 1621:
Words Derived From Horror
Both horrendous and horrific, like horrid, came into English in the 16th and 17th centuries, by which time horror had come to principally mean “a very strong feeling of fear, dread, or shock” and mostly drifted away from any hairy, bristly, or shivering notions. Perhaps to fill this lexical gap, another related word was borrowed from Latin at this time: hirsūtus, meaning “hairy” and “bristly,” and became hirsute in English. The fact that horrēre meant “to bristle” and hirsūtus meant “covered with bristles” is most likely not a coincidence, since they probably come from the same Indo-European root, a verb meaning “to be stiff, to bristle,” though no written record goes back that far.
All of which is to say that, the next time you tremble with fear, there’s an etymological reason that you’re in a hairy situation.
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