2020-10-11 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด H -– Home & house

Revision H

2020-10-11

151224-1 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด H -– Home & house

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Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง Home = HOHM

ออกเสียง House = Noun & Adj. = ‘HOUS’ verb = ‘HOUZ’

Dictionary.com

SYNONYM STUDY FOR HOUSE

House, dwelling, residence, home

are terms applied to a place to live in.

Dwelling is now chiefly poetic, or used in legal or technical contexts,

as in a lease or in the phrase multiple dwelling.

Residence is characteristic of formal usageand often implies size and elegance of structure and surroundings: the private residence of the king.

These two terms and house have always had reference to the structure to be lived in.

Home has recently taken on this meaningand become practically equivalent to house, the new meaning tending to crowd out the older connotations of family ties and domestic comfort. See also hotel.

Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree

home

one’s own house or residence; abode, dwelling, habitation; domicile; asylum:

Home is where the heart is.

Not to be confused with:

hone – a whetstone for sharpening cutting tools; to make more acute or effective; perfect: He honed his skills at his father’s side.

Collins COBUILD English Usage

home

Your home is the place where you live and feel that you belong.

Home is most commonly used to refer to a person's house,

but it can also be used to refer to a town, a region, or a country.

His father often worked away from home.

Dublin will always be home to me.

Don't refer to a particular person's home as 'the home'.

Say his home, her home, or just home.

Victoria is selling her home in Ireland.

Their children have left home.

Be Careful!
You never use 'to' immediately in front of home.

Don't say, for example, 'We went to home'.

Say 'We went home'.

Come home with me.

The police officer escorted her home.

If you remain in your house rather than going out somewhere,

British speakers say that you stay at home.

American speakers say that you stay home.

Oh, we'll just have to stay at home for the weekend.

What was Cindy supposed to do? Stay home all day and dust the house?

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

History and Etymology for home

Noun

Middle English hom, hoome "dwelling, building, one's native town or land," going back to Old English hām "landed property, estate, dwelling, house, inhabited place, native land," going back to Germanic *haima- "dwelling" (whence also Old Saxon & Old Frisian hēm "home, dwelling," Middle Dutch heem, heim "dwelling," Old High German heima "dwelling, homeland," Old Norse heimr "abode, land, this world," Gothic haims "village, countryside, [in compounds] home"), of uncertain origin

NOTE: A widely accepted etymology sees Germanic *haima- as going back to Indo-European *ḱoi-mo, an o-grade derivative, with a suffix *-mo-, of the verbal base *ḱei- "lie, be at rest." Also from *ḱoi-mo- would be an assumed Greek *koímē or *koîmos "bed," the source of the denominal derivative koimáō, koimân "to put to bed, lay to rest" (see CEMETERY); further associated are Lithuanian šeimà "family, household members (including servants)," Latvian sàime, Russian Church Slavic sěmĭ "person," sěmija, translating Greek andrápoda "prisoners of war sold as slaves," sěminŭ "slave, household member," Russian sem'já "family," Ukrainian sim'já. (Lithuanian kiẽmas "farmstead, village" and káimas "village" are perhaps related, via a form with a centum outcome of ḱ, or as a loanword from Germanic.) According to an alternative hypothesis, Germanic *haima- goes back to Indo-European *tḱoi̯-mo-, a derivative with *-mo- from Indo-European *tḱei̯- "dwell, inhabit" (in a more traditional representation *ḱþei̯-; see AMPHICTYONY).

Directly comparable would be Sanskrit kṣémaḥ "habitable," kṣémaḥ or -am (noun) "calm, quiet, safety," which within Sanskrit are direct derivatives from kṣéti "(s/he) dwells." The Baltic and Slavic forms cited above would then be attributable to this form.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Usage Notes

Is It "Home In" or "Hone In"?

Both are used, but home in does a better job of hitting the mark.

What to Know

Home in is the more common phrase for figuratively or literally

"finding and moving directly towards something."

Home can be verb, referring to "finding one's way to a destination"

such as "homing pigeons" and "homing missiles" do.

In the same sense one can "home in on the answer" for example.

Hone in is also acceptable but far less common, and comes from the meaning of "hone" referring to sharpening or making more acute.

Some animals possess the uncanny ability to return to their home or to the location of their birth from just about anywhere.

They're able to "home" without the help of a GPS—which is more than most modern humans can say.

Home as a Verb

In fact, it's this use of home that gave rise to the phrase home in,

which is used both literally and figuratively to mean

"to find and move directly toward (someone or something)":

… salmon, for example, can home in on dissolved amino acids in river water … — Joseph Dussault, The Christian Science Monitor, 7 Jan. 2016

They effortlessly pin down characteristics of the worst of L.A. types and home in on them … — Rebecca Bulnes, The A.V. Club, 11 Jan. 2016

But sometimes people use hone instead of home:

… the ads are starting to turn aggressive, as candidates and super PACs hone in on their opponents. — Steven Perlberg, The Wall Street Journal, 8 Jan. 2016

Asking the right questions allowed me to hone in on their specific needs. — Linda Harding-Bond, The Huffington Post, 7 Jan. 2016

And who can blame them, really? The use of home that gave us the phrase home in is unfamiliar to the great majority of us for whom the word home is exclusively a noun.

The verb home is relatively young, as words go. The noun dates to Old English, but our earliest evidence of the verb in use is from 1765, when it was used to mean "to go or return home." Within the next hundred years the verb had developed an animal-specific sense: an animal returning to its home or birthplace was said to be "homing." Usually the animal in question was a pigeon—in particular, a homing pigeon.

By the 1920s, pilots were homing toward their destinations; in the decades following, vehicles and projectiles were said to be "homing" as they moved closer to their destinations or targets. By the 1950s home was being used figuratively to describe the action of anyone or anything proceeding toward or directing attention toward an objective.

Is Hone Wrong?

The verb hone also dates to the late 1700s. Its original meaning is "to sharpen or smooth with a whetstone." By the early 20th century another meaning had developed: "to make more acute, intense, or effective." Instead of just honing blades, people were now honing skills.

It's the narrowing or sharpening of focus implied in the figurative meaning of hone that seems to have made hone in seem like the right phrase to some, rather than home in with its unfamiliar verb home.

This use of hone in dates to around 1965, which makes it only about 10 years newer than the figurative use of home in. We have enough evidence of hone in in use that we enter it in our dictionaries. As the note at that entry makes clear, however, home in remains significantly more common, and is the version to use if you want to avoid criticism. Zero in is also an option if you want to avoid the very similar h-words altogether.

Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression

Home & house

These words identify any kind of shelter that serves as the residence of a person, family, or household.

House lacks the associated meaning attributed tohome,

a term that suggest comfort, peace, love, and family ties.

It may be said that what a builder erects is a house which, when lived in, becomes a home.

Such a statement may be considered sentimental, echoing the lines of Edgar A. Guest (“It takes a heap o’ livin’ in a house t’ make it home”)

Sentiment or not, one usually speaks of “buying a home” and “selling a house.”

But firemen put out a fire in a house, not a home, and the reference is always made to a “house and lot,” not a “home and lot.”

Conversely, one usually refers to a “home for the aged,” not a “house for the aged.” Since home and house are so subtly differentiated in use, why not sometimes resort to residence and dwelling and save confusion?