2020-10-07
151218-2 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด H - Happen & transpire & occur
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ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง happen = ‘HAP-uhn’
ออกเสียง Transpire = ‘tran-SPAHYUHR’
ออกเสียง Occur = ‘uh-KUR’
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Happen & transpire & occur
These words are frequently used interchangeably, but not by careful users of language.
Happen means “to take place” “to come to pass”:
“A fatal accident just happened at that intersection.”
Happen. Which originally indicated the taking place of something by hap or chance, should be used for events that are spontaneous or accidental.
Occur has much the same meaning as happen but is more specific as to time or event: “His election occurred the month before.”
That which is scheduled (prearranged) may be saidto take place: that which occurs or happens is more likely to be unplanned.
Transpire is a formal word that means “to escape from secrecy” and should not be used as a synonym for happen, occur or take place.
Its literal meaning is “to be emitted as a vapor,” “to breathed out.”
From this meaning, transpire has come to suggest leaking out and becoming known. One can ask “Has anything transpired during my absence?”
but only if he means “Has any secret leaked out?” or“Has anything come to light that was previously hidden or unknown?”
Since the correct use of transpire is limited, why not always say happen, occur, take place, come to pass, befall, or present itself?
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR HAPPEN
Happen, chance, occur
refer to the taking place of an event.
Happen, which originally denoted the taking place by hap or chance,
is now the most general word for coming to pass:
Something has happened.
Chance suggests the accidental nature of an event:
It chanced to rain that day.
Occur is often interchangeablewith happen, but is more formal,
and is usually more specific as to time and event:
His death occurred the following year.
HISTORICAL USAGE OF TRANSPIRE
From its earlier literal sense “to escape as vapor” transpire came to mean “to escape from concealment, become known” in the 18th century.
Somewhat later, it developed the meaning “to occur, happen,” a sentence such as
He was not aware of what had transpired yesterday being taken to mean
He was not aware of what had happened yesterday.
In spite of two centuries of use in all varieties of speech and writing, this now common meaning is still objected to by some on the grounds that it arose from a misapprehension of the word's true meaning.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
happen
1. 'happen'
When something happens, it takes place without being planned.
Then a strange thing happened.
There'll be an investigation into what happened and why.
Be Careful!
Happen does not have a passive form.
Don't say, for example, 'Then a strange thing was happened'.
2. 'take place', 'occur'
Happen is usually used after vague words like something, thing, what, or this.
After words with a more precise meaning, you usually use take place or occur.
The incident had taken place many years ago.
Mrs Brogan was in the house when the explosion occurred.
Don't say that a planned event 'happens'.
Say that it takes place.
The first meeting of the committee took place on 9 January.
The election will take place in June.
3. 'happen to'
When something happens to someone or something, it takes place and affects them.
I wonder what 's happened to Jeremy?
If anything happens to the car, you'll have to pay for it.
In sentences like these, don't use any preposition except to after happen.
You use happen in front of a to-infinitive to show that something happens or exists by chance.
For example, instead of saying 'The two people he wanted to speak to lived in the same street',
you can say 'The two people he wanted to speak to happened to live in the same street'.
I just happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time.
If you happen to see Jane, ask her to call me.
You often use happen to be in sentences beginning with there.
For example, instead of saying 'A post office happened to be in the next street',
you say 'There happened to be a post office in the next street'.
There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way.
Be Careful!
In sentences like these you must use there.
Don't say, for example, 'Happened to be a post office in the next street'.
COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY
USAGE FOR TRANSPIRE
It is often maintained that transpire should not be used to mean happen or occur,
as in the event transpired late in the evening,
and that the word is properly used to mean become known,
as in it transpired later that the thief had been caught .
The word is, however, widely used in the former sense, esp. in spoken English
USAGE FOR OCCUR
It is usually regarded as incorrect to talk of pre-arranged events occurring or happening :
the wedding took place (not occurred or happened) in the afternoon
Collins COBUILD English Usage
occur
You can say that an event occurs.
The accident occurred at 8:40 a.m.
Mistakes are bound to occur.
However, you only use occur to talk about events which are not planned.
Occur is a fairly formal word.
In conversation and in less formal writing, you usually say that an event happens.
You might have noticed what happened on Tuesday.
A curious thing has happened.
Be Careful!
Don't say that a planned event 'occurs' or 'happens'.
Say that it takes place.
The first meeting of this committee took place on 9 January.
These lessons took place twice a week.
Don't use 'occur to' to say that someone is affected by an event.
Don't say, for example, 'I wonder what's occurred to Jane'.
Say 'I wonder what's happened to Jane'.
She no longer cared what happened to her.
It couldn't have happened to a nicer man.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Did You Know?
Transpire came to life in the late 16th century and was originally used in technical contexts to describe the passage of vapor through the pores of a membrane.
From this technical use developed a figurative sense: to escape from secrecy, or to become known.
That sense was often used in ambiguous contexts and could be taken to mean happen. (For example, Emily Dickinson wrote in a letter, I long to see you once more ... to tell you of many things which have transpired since we parted.) Thus the to take place sense developed. Around 1870, usage critics began to attack this sense as a misuse, and modern critics occasionally echo that sentiment. But the sense has been common for two centuries and today is foundin serious and polished prose.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
The Meaning of Occur and the Spelling of Its Forms
Occur has three meanings. It means "to be found or met with; appear,"
as in "a phenomenon that occurs around the world";
it means "to come into existence; happen," as in "an event that occurred on Friday";
and it means "to come to mind," as in"it occurs to me that the word is quite useful."
It's an unusual-looking word, being so small but with two c's up against each other, and then just a simple r at the end. The r is doubled, though, for the past tense: occurred. And the double r continues in the present participle: occurring.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
'Recur' and 'Reoccur': A Subtle Difference
Both words mean "to happen again," but one suggests frequent or periodic repetition
What to Know
Both recur and reoccur, which can both mean "to happen again," are derived from similar Latin roots that literally translate to "to run again."
While they are both very similar in origin, the usage of "recur" usually implies a periodic or frequent repetition, whereas "reoccur" does not have the same implication.
Something that "reoccurs" may only happen again once.
In any pair of very similar words, an extra syllablein one of them
is almost certain to draw criticism:
think of converse and conversate,
But sometimes, subtle shades of meaning between very similar words can be discerned, and greater precision comes from knowing the difference.
Such is the case with recur and reoccur.
Origins of Recur and Reoccur (and Occur)
These two words share similar etymologies as well as similar meanings;
their ultimate root is the Latin verb currere meaning “to run,”
making their literal meanings “to run again.”
Recur is the older word in English, first appearing in the early 1500s and derived straight from the Classical Latin recurrere.
Similarly, Latin’s occurrere means “to run against” or “to run into” (meaning “to encounter”), and it came toEnglish as occur in the late 1400s.
Reoccur was formed by English speakers who combined familiar Latin parts in the 1700s.
The similar word concur etymologically means “to run together” or “to run with.” Recourse came through French on its way to English, and, like recur, derives from recurrere.
Recur Usually Implies Frequency
Both recur and reoccur can mean simply “to happen or appear again,”
and this is the way that reoccur is most often used.
Recur can suggest a periodic or frequent repetition in addition to having the same basic meaning as reoccur:
Recurrence and reoccurrence function in similar ways:
Here, reoccurrence simply means that the muscle pull had happened before; if recurrence had been used, it could have suggested that the player had had the sameinjury more than once before.
This does not quite mean that reoccurrence can only mean one repetition; rather, reoccurrence tends to imply nothing about repetition, whereas recurrence is likely to.
Even though these words sound alike and trace back to the same roots, we should also recognize that the habits of usage have taken their course.
