2020-09-27 คำชวนสับสน ชุด F – Flammable - Inflammable
2020-09-27
151207-3 คำชวนสับสน ชุด F – Flammable - Inflammable
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง “Flammable” -=’FLAM-uh-buhl’
ออกเสียง “Inflammable” = ‘in-FLAM-uh-buhl
Dictionary.com
USAGE FOR FLAMMABLE
Flammable and inflammable are interchangeable when used of the properties of materials.
Flammable is, however, often preferredfor warning labels as there is less likelihood of misunderstanding (inflammable being sometimes taken to mean not flammable).
Inflammable is preferred in figurativecontexts: this could prove to be an inflammable situation
WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED WITH INFLAMMABLE
Inflammable and flammable both mean“combustible.”
Inflammable is the older by about 200 years.
Flammable now has certain technical uses, particularly as a warning on vehicles carrying combustible materials, because of a belief that some might interpret the intensive prefix in- of inflammable as a negative prefix and thus think the word means “noncombustible.”
Inflammable is the word more usually used in nontechnical and figurative contexts: The speaker ignited the inflammable emotions of the crowd.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Why Inflammable Is Not the Opposite of Flammable
Combustible and incombustible are opposites,
but flammable and inflammable are synonyms.
How can that be?
The in- of incombustible is a common prefix meaning "not,"
but the in- of inflammable is a different prefix.
Inflammable, which dates back to 1605, descends from Latin inflammare ("to inflame"), itself from in- (here meaning "in" or "into") plus flammare ("to flame"). Flammable also comes from flammare but didn't enter English until 1813.
In the early 20th century, firefighters worried that people might think inflammable meant "not able to catch fire,"
so they adopted flammable and nonflammable as official safety labels and encouraged their use to prevent confusion.
In general use, flammable is now the preferred term for describing things that can catch fire, but inflammable is still occasionally used with that meaning as well.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Words at Play
Flammable vs. Inflammable
Both words mean the same thing, but one of them is bound to confuse most people.
What to Know
Inflammable and flammable are synonyms and mean "able to burn" even though they look likeopposites.
In this case, rather than the prefix in- meaning "not," as it often does, "inflammable" comes from the latin verb inflammare, which means "to cause to catch fire."
"Flammable" was coined later from a translation of the latin verb flammare ("to catch fire"), which inflammare is related to.
"When cooking over a gas stove, avoid wearing loose, (flammable/inflammable) clothing that could catch fire easily." Which word is correct: flammable or inflammable?
Trick question: both flammable and inflammable are correct, as they both mean "capable of being easily ignited and of burning quickly."
This makes no sense to the Modern English speaker.
In English, we think of in- as a prefix that means "not": inactive means "not active," inconclusive means "not conclusive," inconsiderate means "not considerate." Therefore, inflammable should mean"not flammable."
The Latin Inflammare
That would make sense—if inflammable had started out as an English word. We get inflammable from the Latin verb inflammare, which combines flammare ("to catch fire") with a Latin prefix in-, which means "to cause to."
This in- shows up occasionally in English words, though we only tend to notice it when the in- word is placed next to its root word for comparison:
impassive and passive, irradiated and radiated, inflame and flame. Inflammable came into English in the early 1600s.
Things were fine until 1813, when a scholar translating a Latin text coined the English word flammable from the Latin flammare, and now we had a problem: two words that look like antonyms but are actually synonyms. There has been confusion between the two words ever since.
The True Opposite of Inflammable
What do you do? To avoid confusion, choose flammable when you are referring to something that catches fire and burns easily,
and use the relatively recent nonflammable when referring to something that doesn't catch fire and burn easily.
Our files indicate that use of flammable and nonflammable has increased in print over the last few decades, while use of inflammable has decreased.
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words
flammable
combustible (technical use, on a warning sign: caution! flammable)
Not to be confused with:
inflammable – combustible (figuratively: inflammable emotions)
nonflammable – not combustible or easily set on fire
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
flam′ma·bil′i·ty n.
flam′ma·ble n.
Usage Note: Inflammable means"combustible," and has the same meaning as the word flammable.
How is this possible? The prefix in- here is not the Latin negative prefix in- (which is related to the English un- and appears in words such as indecent and inglorious) but is derived from the Latin preposition in, "in."
This prefix also appears in the word inflame.
However, some people mistakenly think that inflammable means"not flammable." Therefore, for clarity's sake, it is safest to avoid inflammable altogether and use flammable instead.
Collins English Dictionary
inflammable
flammaˈbility n
Usage: Flammable and inflammable are interchangeable when used of the properties of materials.
Flammable is, however, often preferredfor warning labels as there is less likelihood of misunderstanding (inflammable being sometimes taken to mean not flammable).
Inflammable is preferred in figurative contexts: this could prove to be an inflammable situation
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Flammable – Inflammable
Both flammable and inflammable are used to describe materials or chemicals that burn easily.
A window had been smashed and flammable liquid poured in.
...commercial centres, holding large stocks of inflammable materials.
Be Careful!
Inflammable is not the opposite of flammable. The opposite is non-flammable.
The fuel is recyclable, clean and non-flammable.
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary
The prefix “in-” does not indicate negation here; it comes from the word "inflame.” “Flammable” and “inflammable” both mean “easy to catch on fire”; but so many people misunderstandthe latter term that it’s better to stick with “flammable” in safety warnings.
ความเห็น (0)
ไม่มีความเห็น