2020-09-20 คำชวนสับสน ชุด F - FARTHER – FURTHER
2020-09-20
51130-1 คำชวนสับสน ชุด F - FARTHER – FURTHER
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง “FARTHER” = ‘FAHR-ther’
ออกเสียง “FURTHER” = FUR-ther’
Dictionary.com
WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED WITH FARTHER
Although some usage guides insist that only farther should be used for physical distance ( We walked farther than we planned ),
farther and further have been used interchangeably throughout much of their histories.
However, only further is used in the adverbial sense “moreover” ( Further, you hurt my feelings ) and in the adjectival senses “more extended” ( no further comment ) and “additional” ( Further bulletins came in ).
The expression all the farther (or further ) in place of as far as occurs chiefly in informal speech: This is all the farther the train goes. See also all.
USAGE FOR FARTHER
Farther, farthest, further, and furthest can all be used to refer to literal distance, but further and furthest are regarded as more correct for figurative senses denoting greater or additional amount, time, etc: further to my letter .
Further and furthest are also preferred for figurative distance
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Farther vs. Further: Usage Guide
Adverb
Farther and further have been used more or less interchangeably throughout most of their history, but currently they are showing signs of diverging.
As adverbs they continue to be used interchangeably whenever spatial, temporal, or metaphorical distance is involved.
But where there is no notion of distance, further is used. our techniques can be further refined
Further is also used as a sentence modifier further, the workshop participants were scarcely optimistic — L. B. Mayhew , but farther is not. A polarizing process appears to be taking place in their adjective use. Farther is taking over the meaning of distance the farther shore and further the meaning of addition. needed no further invitation
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
Is it 'Further' or 'Farther'?
What to Know
Some usage guides teach that farther refers to physical distance and further to figurative distance, but it might be better to let your ear guide you.
Historically, these words have been interchangeable with regard to distance, but for other parts of speechthere are clear favorites. "Further" is preferred for the adverb sense meaning "moreover," the adjective sense meaning "additional," and the verb sense as in "to further one's career."
Is it further or is it farther?" has been a common-enough question over the past hundred-plus years that dozens of usage guides have had a crack at coming up with a simple answer. The most common quick answer is usually something along the lines of "farther is for physical distance and further is for figurativedistance." As is often the case, however, simple rules run into the buzzsaw of actual usage.
Origins of Further vs. Farther
The problem of distinguishingbetween further and farther is compoundedby the fact that each of these words can be an adverb, adjective, or a verb, and has multiple meanings in some of these parts of speech.
As Adverbs
But adverbial uses of further and farther are not confined to distance,
and in another sense there are clearer distinctionsbetween the words.
Further has the meaning of “moreover,” or “additionally,” one that is not shared by farther.
Farther does not work very wellas a sentence adverb, and so it would sound rather awkward to begin a sentence with “Farther, I’d like to address the issue of why these words are so confusing.”
As Adjectives
When using these words as adjectives there are similar degrees of overlap and distinction. While both words are defined as carrying the meaning of “additional,” this role has now been almost entirely taken over by further.
It is easy enough to find writers, such as Edith Wharton, who in the past century have used farther to mean “additional," but this use is sufficiently decreased of late that you are advised to choose further. However, when using an adjective to refer to distance, either literal or figurative, the words are once again interchangeable (although further is increasing in frequency).
As Verbs
Finally providing use with a degree of clarity, further is the undisputed winner in the verb bloodfest (you attempt to further your career by pretending to work harder than you actually do). This is not to say that farther hasn’t also been used as a verb, but it is now rare enough that you can sneer at anyone who uses it in this fashion (no you can’t - sneering at people for linguistic idiosyncrasies is a terrible thing to do … what kind of monster are you?).
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words
farther
at or to a greater distance, degree, or extent: the farther side of the building
Not to be confused with:
further – furthermore; in addition: further, he even brought a friend; help or advance the progress of: She will further her own career. [Farther and further have been used interchangeably throughout their histories. However, only further should be used to mean moreover, furthermore, additionally, or to advance the progress of.]
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
Usage Note: Many writers since the Middle English period have used farther and further interchangeably.
A relatively recent rule, however, states that farther should be reserved for physical distance and further for nonphysical, metaphorical advancement.
The Usage Panel has favored this rule for some time. In our 1987 survey, 74 percent of the Usage Panel preferred farther in the sentence If you are planning to drive any farther than Ukiah, you'd better carry chains, while 64 percent preferred further in the sentence We won't be able to answer these questions until we are further along in our research. While the use of both adverbs was acceptable in these examples in our 2009 survey, only 62 percent accepted the use of further in the drive sentence quoted above, and only 58 percent accepted farther in the research example. Approval of usage following the rule was nearly unanimous.
Collins English Dictionary
Usage: Farther, farthest, further, and furthest can all be used to refer to literal distance, but further and furthest are regarded as more correct for figurative senses denoting greater or additional amount, time, etc: further to my letter. Further and furthest are also preferred for figurative distance
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary,
usage: As an adjective meaning “additional,” only further is used: He gave no further trouble.
As an adjective designating distance, either literal or metaphoric, both farther and further are used in all varieties of speech and writing: the farther (or further) island; a farther (or further) stretch of the imagination.
further is more usual as an adverb indicating degree: Campaign rhetoric further strained relations between the two parties,and
further alone functions as a sentence modifier: Further, this translation is closer to the original Greek.As adverbs,
both farther and further are used for distance of any kind - spatial, temporal, or metaphorical: Seattle is farther (or further) from Chicago than Cincinnati is. Look no farther (or further): here is the solution. His study of the epic extends farther (or further) than any recent one.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Farther – further
Farther and further are both comparative forms of far.
Farthest and furthest are the superlative forms.
When you are talking about distance, you can use any of these forms.
Birds were able to find food by flying farther and farther.
He must have found a window open further along the balcony.
Gus was in the farthest corner of the room.
The sun is then at its furthest point to the south.
However, when you are talking about the degree or extent of something,
you can only use further or furthest.
He needed to develop his reading further.
The furthest you can get on a farm is foreman, and you won't be this until it's nearly time to retire.
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary
Some authorities (like the Associated Press) insist on“farther” to refer to physical distance and on “further” to refer to an extent of time or degree, but others treat the two words as interchangeable except for insisting on “further” for “in addition,” and “moreover.” You’ll always be safe in making the distinction; some people get really testy about this.
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