2020-09-19 คำชวนสับสน ชุด F - Facility & faculty & factoid
2020-09-19
190422 คำชวนสับสน ชุด F - Facility & faculty & factoid
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง “facility” = “fuh-SIL-i-tee"
ออกเสียง “faculty” = “FAK uh l-tee"
ออกเสียง “factoid” = “FAK-toid”
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
‘Faculty’ and ‘Facility’: A School of Thought
The nouns faculty and facility differ by only a couple of letters,
and are similar in other respects as well.
Each has a number of senses, and each ultimately derives from the same word,
the Latin facilis (“easy”).
Faculty might make us think of the body of educators that work in a school, and facility might make us think of a place or feature within the school that makes something possible to do
—such as a learning facility or athletic facility, or a restroom,
as it refers to when used in its polite-sounding plural form
(“asked to use the facilities”).
But both words also have senses pertaining to the ability to do something.
Faculty is defined as “ability or power” with specific senses denoting innate or acquired ability, an inherent capability or function, or a natural aptitude.
You can speak of one’s faculty of sight or hearing, for example.
When speaking of an ability or aptitude, faculty suggests a basic competence:
Facility stresses the ability to do something with an ease or comfort that others might not possess. You may have a facility for adding numbers quickly, for example.
It is worth noting that one can have a faculty and a facility for doing the same thing. Having a faculty for speech means you can communicate by enunciating words and stringing them together.
But having a facility for speech suggests that you can speak with a particular eloquence, the kind that might hold an audience’s attention.
Because facility and faculty are similar in appearance and comparable in meaning, writers have occasionally played the two off each other:
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words
Facility หมายถึง
something that serves a specific function: a parking facility; an easy-flowing manner: facility of style; skill, aptitude, or dexterity: He has a great facility with words.
Not to be confused with:
felicity – great happiness; bliss; a skillful faculty: Her felicity of expression is delightful.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Did you know that Norman Mailer coined the word factoid?
We can thank Norman Mailer for the word factoid;
he coined the term in his 1973 book Marilyn, about Marilyn Monroe.
In the book, Mailer explains that factoids are
"facts which have no existencebefore appearing in a magazine or newspaper, creations which are not so much lies as a product to manipulate emotion in the Silent Majority."
In creating his coinage, Mailer relied on"-oid," a suffix that traces back to the ancient Greek word eidos, meaning"appearance" or "form."
Mailer followed in a long tradition when he chose "-oid"; English speakers have been making words from "-oid" since at least the late 16th century.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Word History
Are 'Factoids' the Same as 'Facts'?
Factoids are invented facts, or facts that are real but trivial
It can be difficult to say with any certainty whether or not a particular author has coined a word, something that does not stop many people from claiming that this, in too many cases to count, is exactly what happened.
Perhaps we take comfort in the notion, however misguided it may be, that our language was largely created by the dedicated efforts of a small group of intelligent men and women, rather than the spectacularly messy, perpetually inchoate, and blundering process that it actually is.
We are inclined to favor certainty over ambiguity in many areas of life, and have a difficult time coming to terms with the fact that the answer to “who created that word” will almost invariably be “nobody knows.”
The earliest record of 'factoid' comes in Norman Mailer's 1973 book Marilyn. Factoids, wrote Mailer, are "facts which have no existence before appearing in a magazine or newspaper...."
That being said, there appears to be a fairly good chance that Norman Mailer coined the word factoid. Of course, there is always the possibility that someone else used this word before he did, or that it existed in spoken form, and he was simply the first person to offer it up in published form, but if so, such evidence has not yet been uncovered.
The earliest record of factoid comes in 1973, in Marilyn, a book that was a combination of photographs of Marilyn Monroe and biographical text provided by Mailer. Shortly after using the word Mailer helpfully added an explanation: “...that is, facts which have no existence before appearing in a magazine or newspaper, creations which are not so much lies as a product to manipulate emotion in the Silent Majority.”
Since its appearance in Mailer’s writing, factoid has taken on an additional meaning, “a briefly stated and usually trivial fact.” It hails from a long line of words created through adding the suffix -oid, which comes from the ancient Greek eidos, meaning “appearance” or “form."
These words can be formed by employing -oid as either a noun suffix or as an adjective suffix, and most of them are of a decidedly technical or scientific nature.
They give us words for such concepts as “shaped like a spine” (acanthoid), “like clay” (argilloid), or “resembling or related to the Scombridae” (scomboid).
Now, a wordsuch as scomboid may not immediately seem like a useful addition to your vocabulary, but the Scombridae encompasses an order of fishes, which include such varieties as the mackerel, so if you’ve ever had occasion to say that someone resembled a mackerel, but lacked the words with which to do so, you are now better prepared. Many of these scientific words are obscure to all but the specialists in whose fields they occur, but there are a handful that have entered everyday life, such as android and asteroid.
But in addition to creating these scientific terms, -oid has been used, particularly since the mid-twentieth century, to fashion words that are far more informal.
It has served as the finishing syllable for schizoid and sleazoid.
Considering that factoid is probably less than 50 years old, it has been remarkably successful in the extent to which it has become part of our language.
This may be due to the fact that both senses of the word—the “invented fact” and the “trivial fact”—are useful things to have a word for, and English has no other candidates readily available to describe them (despite the efforts of some, factlet never really caught on as a word for “an unimportant fact”).
So the next time you find yourself in need of a factoid and have none at hand, you may rely on the history of the word itself, using it, we hope, in the secondary sense of “trivial fact"—because we promise, we're not making this up.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
Usage Note: The suffix -oid normally means"resembling, having the appearance of." Thus, factoid originally referred to a claim that appears reliable or accurate, often because it has been repeated so frequently that people assume it is true.
The word still has this meaning for many writers and readers; in our 2013 survey, 59 percent of the Usage Panel accepted it in the sentence The editorial writer relied on numerous factoids that have long been discredited.
But factoid is also often used to mean a brief, somewhat interesting fact, and this sense has become common in recent decades. Some 64 percent of the Panel accepted this usage in the sentence Each issue of the magazine begins with a list of factoids, like how many pounds of hamburger were consumed in Texas last month. As the ballot results indicate, neither usage is overwhelmingly approved.
If you use the word factoid, be sure the sentence makes it clear whether you are referring to a spurious claim, on the one hand, or an isolated, trivial, or mildly intriguing fact, on the other.
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary:
ให้คำแปล นาม “facility” =
“ความคล่องแคล่ว” (ease/quickness) เช่น
“She showed great facility in learning language.”
และ “ความชำนาญ” (a skill) เช่น
“He has a great facility for always being right.”
คำแปล นาม พหูพจน์ รูป “facilities”
คือ “สิ่งอำนวยความสะดวก” เช่น
“There are facilities for cooking.”
Dictionary of Problem Word and Expression:
อธิบายว่า ทั้ง ‘facility’ และ ‘faculty’
สามารถใช้แทนกันได้อย่างคร่าวๆ
ในความหมาย ‘ability’ ‘skill’ หรือ ‘aptitude’ เช่น
“Henry’s facility in handling tools made him a competent mechanic.”
“His faculty for making friends brought him many customers.”
ความหมายเพิ่มเติมของ “facility’ รวมถึง
“something that makes possible an easy/fluent performance/action.”
(บางสิ่งที่ทำให้ การกระทำ นั้น ง่ายขึ้นหรือเป็นไปได้) เช่น
“Sue’s facility in playing the piano made her a welcome addition to our group.”
“facility” ยังหมายถึง “การบริการหรือสิ่งอำนวยความสะดวก” อย่างหนึ่ง เช่น
“An additional washroom is a much-needed facility for this office.”
ส่วน “faculty” หมายถึง “พลัง/ความสามารถ ของ จิต/ร่างกาย” เช่น
“He used every faculty of his mind in wrestling with the problem.”
สามารถใช้ “faculty” อ้างอิงถึง “แผนกหนึ่งในการเรียน/การสอน” หรือ “คณะครู” เช่น
“The faculty of this college is distinguished.”
Merriam-Webster.com:
ให้ความหมาย คำพ้องกับ “faculty” ที่รวมถึง
“gift” “aptitude” “bent” “talent” “genius” และ “knack”
ที่ต่างหมายถึง “ความสามารถพิเศษ ในการทำ บางสิ่ง”
โดย บ่อยครั้งใช้“gift” เพื่อแสดงนัยของ
“สิ่งพิเศษ ที่ได้จาก พระเจ้า/มีแต่กำเนิดตามธรรมชาติ” เช่น
“The gift of singing beautifully.”
และใช้ “faculty” กับ ความสามารถในการทำหน้าที่หรือเรื่องเฉพาะอย่าง ที่มีมาแต่เกิด” เช่น
“a faculty for remembering names.”
ใช้ “aptitude” (ความถนัด/ไหวพริบ) แสดงนัย
“ความชอบกิจกรรมบางอย่างตามธรรมชาติที่มีแนวโน้มจำสำเร็จ” เช่น
“a mechanical aptitude.”
ใช้ “bent” ได้แบบเดียวกับ “aptitude”
หากแต่ เน้นที่แนวโน้ม มากกว่า ความสามารถพิเศษ เช่น
“a family with an artistic bent.”
ใช้ “talent” ที่ชี้แนะ ความสามารถตามธรรมชาติที่เห็นชัดแต่ต้องมีการพัฒนาเพิ่ม” เช่น
”has enough talent to succeed.”
ใช้ “genius” ที่ชี้แนะ “ความสามารถในการสร้างสรรน่าประทับใจที่มีแต่กำเนิด” เช่น
“has no great genius for poetry.”
และใช้ “knack” แสดงนัย
“ความสามารถพิเศษ ที่มีค่อนข้างน้อย”
เพื่อช่วยให้กระทำกิจได้ง่ายและคล่อง เช่น
“the knack of getting along.”
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