Notice:
Anyone can spare the time to translate the notes below is very much welcome and shall be greatly appreciates.
Nat
Dictionary of American Idiom
All languages have phrases that cannot be under-stood literally and, therefore, cannot be used with confidence.
They are opaque or unpredictable because they don’t have expected, literal meaning.
Even if you know the meaning of all the words in a phrase and understand all the grammar of the phrase completely,
the meaning of the phrase may still be confusing.
A phrase or sentence of this type is said to be idiomatic.
This dictionary is a collection of the idiomatic phrases and sentences that occur frequently in American English.
Many of them occur in some fashion in other varieties of English also.
Many overlapping terms have been used to describe the idiomatic phrases included here: verbal collocations, idioms, idiomatic expressions, clichés, proverbs, set phrases, fixed phrases, phrasal verbs, common phrases, prepositional verbs, and phrasal/prepositional verbs.
They all offer the same kinds of problems to the speaker and writer of English.
They are unclear because the meaning of the phrase is not literal or predictable. Phrasal verbs, also called two-word verbs, are idiomatic expressions because the second element of the verb (the adverb or preposition) is not necessarily predictable.
For instance, why the word up in call up a friend? Why not say call on a friend or call in a friend? Actually, those are three separate, unpredictable combinations, and they each mean something completely different.
For example, you can call up a friend on the telephone, call on a friend to have a visit, and call in a friend to come and help you with something.
Although there are some entries that are very casual or informal English, slang and idioms should not be confused.
Some slang is also idiomatic, and some idioms are also slang, but generally they refer to different aspects of language.
There are a few slang terms in this dictionary, because they are also fairly commonly known idioms.
Ummmh, I had a look and found even the (writer’s) foreword/introduction is equally confusing. For what it’s worth, I offer some (partial) translation and explanation below: ;-)
Dictionary of American Idiom
ประมวล สำนวน อเมริกัน
All languages have phrases that cannot be under-stood literally and, therefore, cannot be used with confidence.
ทุกภาษามี สำนวน(ข้อความ คำพูด)ที่เราจะจับความ(หมาย) ของสำนวน ตามความหมายของแต่ละคำไม่ได้ เราก็เลยใช้ สำนวน อย่างมั่นใจไม่ได้
They are opaque or unpredictable because they don’t have expected, literal meaning.
สำนวน ออกมืดมน หรือ คาดเดาไม่ได้ เพราะ สำนวน ไม่มีความหมายตามคำอย่างที่คิด
Even if you know the meaning of all the words in a phrase and understand all the grammar of the phrase completely,แม้นเราจะรู้ ความหมายของทุกคำ ในสำนวน และ เข้าใจไวยากรณ์ ทั้งหมดthe meaning of the phrase may still be confusing.ความหมาย ของข้อความ คำพูด ก็อาจจะยังไขว้เขวA phrase or sentence of this type is said to be idiomatic.ข้อความ หรือ ประโยค เช่นนี้ เรียกว่า สำนวน
This dictionary is a collection of the idiomatic phrases and sentences that occur frequently in American English.บันทึกนี้ รวบรวม สำนวน ที่ใช้บ่อย ในภาษาอเมริกันMany of them occur in some fashion in other varieties of English also.หลายสำนวน ก็ใช้ในภาษาอังกฤษตามที่ต่าง ฯ
Many overlapping terms have been used to describe the idiomatic phrases included here: verbal collocations, idioms, idiomatic expressions, clichés, proverbs, set phrases, fixed phrases, phrasal verbs, common phrases, prepositional verbs, and phrasal/prepositional verbs.สำนวน มีชือเรียกอีกหลายอย่าง …
They all offer the same kinds of problems to the speaker and writer of English.They are unclear because the meaning of the phrase is not literal or predictable.ทุกอย่าง สร้างปัญหาให้ คนพูดและเขียนภาษาอังกฤษ เพราะ ไม่มีความหมายตามคำ หรือ อย่างที่คาดคิด
Phrasal verbs, also called two-word verbs, are idiomatic expressions because the second element of the verb (the adverb or preposition) is not necessarily predictable. [I have no idea what we call these in Thai. กริยาวลี?]
For instance, why the word up in “call up a friend?” Why not say “call on a friend” or “call in a friend”? Actually, those are three separate, unpredictable combinations, and they each mean something completely different.[กริยาวลี ‘call up’(=โทรถึง), ‘call on’(=เรียกหา) and ‘call in’ (=แวะเยี่ยม) มีความหมายต่างกัน]
For example, you can ‘call up a friend on the telephone’, ‘call on a friend to have a visit’, and ‘call in a friend to come’ and help you with something.
Although there are some entries that are very “casual or informal” English, slang and idioms should not be confused. ข้อความ คำพูด ที่หละหลวมไม่เป็นทางการ
Some slang is also idiomatic, and some idioms are also slang, but generally they refer to different aspects of language.[From English-Thai Lexitron Dictionary 2.0slang N. ถ้อยคำที่เป็นภาษาพูดและใช้ในกลุ่มคนบางกลุ่ม VI. ใช้ภาษาหยาบคาย พูดด้วยคำหยาบคาย]
[In Aus. “slang”(=คำเพี็ยน?) is more like “nickname” or other words for something; and “swear(-words)”(=คำสบถ) has the feel of rudeness (คำหยาบคาย: fuck, shit,…) or defiance (คำเรียกหา ท้าทาย พระเจ้า: OMG, holy mackerel,…).]
There are a few slang terms in this dictionary, because they are also fairly commonly known idioms. [คำเพี็ยน คำสบถ ก็อาจจะเป็น สำนวน]
Dear Khun SR
Many thanks for yr. comment.I just post from old collections without adding anything.My memory now at 83 must be on the way back?
Nat
Dear Khun SR
Many thanks for yr. comment.I just post from old collections without adding anything.My memory now at 83 must be on the way back?
Nat