คำแนะนำในการใช้แบบฝึกทักษะการอ่านหาใจความสำคัญ
สาระการเรียนรู้ภาษาอังกฤษ ชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 4
คำชี้แจง ให้นักเรียนศึกษาใบความรู้ด้วยตนเอง แล้วปฏิบัติตามขั้นตอน โดยละเอียด
ทำกิจกรรมในใบงานให้ครบถ้วนสมบูรณ์ ตามขั้นตอนดังต่อไปนี้
เรื่อง การอ่านเพื่อหาใจความสำคัญ
Reading for Main Ideas
1. ศึกษาจุดประสงค์การเรียนรู้ของ Reading for Main Ideas ให้เข้าใจถึงเป้าหมาย
2. นักเรียนทำแบบฝึกก่อนเรียน จำนวน 10 ข้อ เพื่อเป็นการประเมินพื้นฐานของตนเอง ก่อนทำแบบฝึกทักษะ
3. นักเรียนศึกษา อ่าน ทำความเข้าใจเนื้อหาทุกตอน
4. นักเรียนทำแบบฝึกที่ 1 พร้อมตรวจคำตอบกับเฉลย และแบบฝึกหัดอื่นๆ
ที่ให้มาอย่างรอบคอบ
5. นักเรียนทำแบบทดสอบก่อนเรียนและหลังเรียนมาประเมินหาความก้าวหน้า
ว่าตนเองพัฒนาขึ้นหรือไม่
6. ในการเรียนโดยใช้แบบฝึก นักเรียนสามารถเรียนร่วมกับคนอื่นได้
7. นักเรียนต้องมีความซื่อสัตย์ต่อตนเอง โดยไม่ดูคำตอบจากเฉลย
จนกว่าทำด้วยตนเองจนจบ และตรวจในขั้นตอนสุดท้าย
การอ่านเพื่อหาใจความสำคัญ (Reading for Main Ideas)
สาระสำคัญ
การหาใจความสำคัญ(Main Ideas) ของสิ่งที่อ่าน เป็นเทคนิคอย่างหนึ่งของการอ่าน หากนักเรียนสามารถหาใจความสำคัญได้ก็เป็นการง่ายที่นักเรียนจะคาดเดาได้ว่าสิ่งที่อ่านเป็นเรื่องเกี่ยวกับอะไร ซึ่งสามารถอ่านได้เข้าใจดียิ่งขึ้น การรู้จักหาใจความสำคัญของสิ่งที่อ่าน จึงเป็นวิธีที่ผู้อ่านควรจะเรียนรู้และฝึกฝนอยู่เป็นประจำซึ่งจะเป็นประโยชน์ต่อนักเรียนเป็นอย่างมาก
จุดประสงค์การเรียนรู้
1. เมื่ออ่านข้อความหรือบทอ่านแล้ว นักเรียนสามารถบอกใจความสำคัญได้
2. สรุปประเด็นหลักและประเด็นย่อยของเรื่องที่อ่านได้
3. สามารถเดาความหมายของคำศัพท์ โดยอาศัยข้อความข้างเคียงได้
4. บอกความหมายและระบุประโยคใจความสำคัญ Main Idea ได้
5. สามารถตอบคำถามเกี่ยวกับเรื่องที่อ่านได้
ใบความรู้ที่ 1
ใจความสำคัญ (Main Idea) คือสาระสำคัญหรือประเด็นรวมของใจความในย่อหน้านั้นๆจะมีลักษณะเป็นรูปประโยคหรือวลีก็ได้ มักจะปรากฏอยู่ในประโยค (Sentence)
ตำแหน่งของใจความสำคัญ (Main Idea)
1. ถ้าในย่อหน้านั้นมีประโยคหัวข้อเรื่อง (Topic Sentence) ตำแหน่งของใจความสำคัญ (Main Idea) จะปรากฏอยู่ 3 จุดดังนี้
1.1 Main Idea อยู่ที่ประโยคแรกของย่อหน้า เช่น
A baby elephant is the biggest of all land babies. A newborn baby weighs more than two hundred pounds. It is about three feet high. The new baby is strong, too. Almost as soon as it is born, it can walk about.
ใจความสำคัญ (Main Idea) อยู่ที่ประโยคแรก คือ A baby elephant is the biggest of all land babies.
1.2 Main Idea อยู่ที่ประโยคท้ายของย่อหน้า เช่น
Most people are free to enjoy themselves in the evenings and on weekends. Some
spend their time watching television, listening to the radio, or going to movies; others participate
in sports. It depends on their interests. There are verious ways to spend one’s free time.
Main Idea อยู่ที่ประโยคสุดท้าย คือ There are verious ways to spend one’s free time.
คำถามที่นิยมใช้ถามเกี่ยวกับใจความสำคัญ (Main Idea)
- What is the author’s main point?
- The main thought of this passage is that ……………
- The main theme of the passage is ………………….
- The best statement of this passage’s main though is that………
- What is the main idea of the passage?
- What is the main idea expressed in the passage?
- The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that…..
- The passage’s main thought is that………..
- An expression describing the theme of the above passage is……
Exercise 1
Tiger Woods
Tiger Woods was born in California in 1975. His father was in the U.S. Army. His mother is a homemaker. She is from Thailand. From his father’s side and his mother’s side, Tiger is Asian, African American, American Indian, and European. Tiger’s real name is Eldrick. He got the nickname Tiger from his father. His father had a friend in the Vietnam War. The friend’s nickname was Tiger. After his friend saved his life, Tiger’s father decided
to give his son the same name. Tiger’s father decided to make his son the best golfer in the world. When Tiger was six months old, he watched his father play golf for hours. When he was 2 years old, he started to play golf . For a small child he played very well. Soon he was on TV shows like CBS News. At age 4, Tiger took golf lessons. His teacher said that he was amazing. When he was 8, he started to play in a series of games or tournaments. By age 11, he had won thirty championships! Tiger was a champion at golf, but he was like other children. He watched TV and went to the mall. He loved and obeyed his parents. They always told him that school was important. Tiger was a good student. He said, “School comes first, golf second” After high school, Tiger went to Stanford University. During this time, he won many championships. He began to play with the top people in golf. He wanted to be a professional like them. Up to then, he did not
make money because he was not a professional. So, in 1966, Tiger left collage and became a professional. He made millions of dollars. But not did not change him. In 1997, Tiger played in the most important golf game – The masters tournament. Tiger won! He was the youngest person to win the tournament. He was also the first African American or Asian American to win
the Masters. Tiger continues to win championships. He is one of the greatest players in the history of golf. He has also changed our ideas about people who play golf.
Vocabulary meaning
to obey : to do what someone asks you to do
a home maker : a person who stays at home to take care of the house
and children
mall : a building or group of buildings with shops, restaurants
and theaters
Asian : from Japan, China, Korean, Indonesia, Thailand,
or another country in Asia.
championship : a person who fights, argues or speaks in support of
another or of a cause
amazing : surprising or shocking in a good way
series : numbers of thing
tournament : series of contests of skill between a number of players
to save a life : to stop someone from getting killed
professional : a person who earns money from an activity, such as
playing a sport
million : one thousand
nick name : a name given to a person by family or friends
Match these words with the correct meanings (Vocabulary)
…….. 1. a home maker a. a name given to a person by family or
friends
…….. 2. Asian b. a person money from an activity,
such as playing who earns
….. 3. a nick name a sport
…….. 4. to save a life c. surprising or shocking in a good way
…….. 5. amazing d. to do what someone asks you to do
…….. 6. a mall e. a person who stays at home to take care
of the house and
…….. 7. a professional children
…….. 8. to obey f. a person who fights, argues or speaks in
support of another
…….. 9. tournament g. from Japan, China, Korean,
Indonesia, Thailand, or
.......... 10. championships anothercountry in Asia
h. a building or group of buildings with
shops, restaurants and theaters
i. series of contests of skill between a number
of players
j. to stop someone from getting killed
Exercise 2
Comprehension
A. Looking for the Main Ideas (1-3) and Looking for Detail (5-6)
Circle the letter of the best answer.
- Tiger is his ______________.
a. real name
b. nick name
c. father’s name
d. mother’s name
2. Tiger’s father _____________.
a. lived in Thailand.
b. was a golf champion
c. wanted him to be a great golfer
d. gave him lesson was a golf champion
3. Tiger was ________________.
a. took golf lesson at age 8.
b. the fist American to win the Masters tournament
c. the youngest person to win the Masters tournament
d. not a professional at the time of the Masters tournament
4. Tiger was a good son.
a. He gave all money to his father.
b. He studied in high school.
c. He is the greatest players in the history golf.
d. He obeyed his parents when they told him to do something.
5. Tiger’s teacher could not believe how well Tiger could play golf. He was……
a. kind
b. smart
c. famous
d. amazing
B. Circle T if the sentence is true. Circle F if the sentence is false according to the story.
6. When Tiger was 2 years old, he started to play golf. T F
7. At age 4, Tiger took golf lesson. T F
8. By age 11, he had won 30 championships. T F
9. His parents always told him that school was important. T F
10. In 1996, Tiger left home and became a professional. T F
Exercise 3
A : Match the main ideas with these passages. (Number 1-6)
a. Pearl farming.
b. Baby dolphins job.
c. Elephants in the water.
d. A bad week for a mother.
e. McDonald’s is the king of fast food.
f. The characteristics of a sea horse.
1.
On Monday, my daughter came down with a cold. On Tuesday, my son inadvertently dropped his glasses on the floor and hurt me. On Wednesday, I did not turn the oven off while I was “baking” the roast. And Thursday, the bus driver behind me decided to drive through me.
.................................................................
2.
As soon as baby dolphins are born, they have a job to do. They must swim to the top of the water for their first breath of air. Baby dolphins need to do this very fast. They must breathe air right away like you and me. Sometimes young dolphins cannot do this. May be they aren’t strong enough, or start to swim down instead of up .Older dolphins must help. They have
to swim under the troubled baby to catch its first breath of air.
.................................................................
3.
The sea horse is a fish. It just does not look anything like a fish. The shape of its head looks like a horse. Its tail looks as if it belongs to a caterpillar. Its mouth looks more like a strange tube than a mouth. Everything about the sea horse is different. This little fish does not even act like a fish. The sea horse swims standing on its tail. When it is hungry, its tube-like mouth sucks in food like a vacuum cleaner. It is the father, not the mother, which carries the eggs around until they hatch. Its eyes can roll around in different directions at the same time. For such a small fish, there are a lot of different things to see
.....................................................
4.
Elephants love water. The daily bath seems to be a joy for them. Toward the end of every day,
the herd lines up and follows the leader to the forest, watering place . As soon as their mammoth – size thirst has been satisfied, They start to give themselves a bath with their long trunks. They spend hours blowing water on their thick hides. Sometimes they will just roll around and enjoy the feeling of the cool water . This is not a good time to disturb an elephant . They have been known to fill their trunks and squirt anyone who does disturb their watering time. They love this time of day the best, and they want to be free to enjoy it.
...........................................................
5.
A real pearl comes from an oyster. Many people farm oysters to grow pearls. Pearl farmers
are very careful with their pearl. Pearl farmers want to make everything just right. On most pearl farms, the oysters are put into baskets then hang into water. They must always be in a spot where they can grow. The pearl oysters stay in these baskets for a long time. When the time comes for them to be opened, they are moved. The farmers take them to very quiet waters. The oysters will not grow so fast here. The quiet waters will make the finished pearl more beautiful for the farmer.
........................................................
6.
The United Stated seems to be in love with the idea of going out to eat. Because of this,
a real variety of restaurant has come about specializing in all kinds of foods. McDonald’s is the king of subgroup of restaurants called fast-food restaurants. Changes are, no matter where you live, there is a McDonald’s restaurant near you. There are even McDonald’s in the Soviet Union. Now McDonald’s is trying something new. It is called McDonald’s Express and there is a test site in Peabody, Massachusetts. It is a part of a Mobil gas station. This allows you to fill up with gas and fill up on food at the same time. What will they think of the next?
…………………………………
B : Match the following passages with the main ideas. (Number 7-10)
A. The English Premier League is now the world’s top league.
B. Because of big contracts, many foreign superstar players joined the Premier League.
C. The Football League was formed in 1888 as one division.
D. The new structure of the Premier League is divided into four divisions.
The English football League
7. On April 17th,1888, “The Football League” was founded. The first division contained twelve clubs. They were Accrington FC, Aston Villa FC, Blackburn Rovers FC, Bolton warderers FC, Derby County FC, Everton FC, etc
8.The English Football League structure is now organized into four divisions. The formost
is the premiership. The lowest is the Third division. At the end of the season, a few teams in
each division are either promoted or relegated depending upon their proximity to the top orthe foot of the table.
9. Many stars from South America and Italy came to play in the Premier League because
the constructs were so high. The best players today are being signed to $ 100 million contracts.
Soon the number of original teams has grown into the number of teams in the premier league.
If a team in the third division places first or second, they move up to the Second Division, then
they can move up to the first division, then up to the premier league, if they are talent enough.
|
Paragraphs |
ข้อ 7 |
ข้อ 8 |
ข้อ 9 |
ข้อ 10 |
|
Main Ideas |
|
|
|
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10.The English premier league is by far the most prestigious, talented league in the world.
It’s the world’s most exciting league and is full of world class players. People have enjoyed Premiership football over the past decade.
Example ลองสรุปทบทวนอีกครั้งค่ะ
Left- handed people suffer more from stress than their right – handed peers. According to a study of 1,100 adults by University of Michigan. As a result, they smoke and drink more. Fifty
five percent of the lefties smoked, whereas fewer than half of the righties smoked. Furthermore,
the lefties consumed more alcohol per year than their right-handed counterparts.
ประโยคแรกนั่นเองที่เป็น Topic sentence บอกเกี่ยวกับหัวเรื่องและใจความสำคัญของเนื้อเรื่องดังกล่าวข้างต้น
Topic sentence : Left-handed people suffer more from stress than their right – handed peers.
(คนที่ถนัดมือซ้ายมีความเครียดมากกว่าคนที่ถนัดมือขวา)
Topic : Left-handed and right – handed people (คนที่ถนัดมือซ้ายและมือขวา)
Main Idea : Left- handed people suffer more from stress than right – handed people.
(คนที่ถนัดมือซ้ายมีความเครียดมากกว่าคนที่ถนัดมือขวา)
Exercise 4
Find the main idea and write in the blank.
1.
How much do you remember of what you learned over the past academic year? How many
of your high school classmates could you call by name right now ? How many times a week do
you forget appointments, chores, and other details of everyday life? Before you groan in
self-disgust, take heart at how normal you are. We all forget all kinds of things all the time.
Topic : Forgetting
Main Idea : ……….………..…
2.
There are several different kinds of classes in college and university campuses. Professor
usually teach large undergraduate classes. They give formal lectures. Students have to listen
and take notes. Then teaching assistants (T.A.S.) lead discussion groups. In graduate
seminars small groups of students discuss their ideas with their instructor and classmates
Topic : Education
Main Idea : ………………..……
3.
An earlier theory said that the dinosaurs died because the earth had become colder.
The dinosaurs could not eat enough to keep their bodies warm and had no fur or feathers to
keep heat in. There were both dinosaurs which were plant-eaters and meat – eaters. When
the plant-eaters died out, the meat-eaters grew short of food and died.
Topic : Dinosaurs
The main idea : ...................................................
4.
“Don’t watch television,” said mother. “Read that book for school.”
“ Oh, please,” Eileen said. “The teacher says we learn new words from television.”
“All right,” answer her mother.
Topic : Watching television
The main idea : ..............................................................
5.
Eating out , especially fast food, is eating much easier, and sometimes much cheaper, than
cooking for yourself or your family. Ordering delivery meals from restaurant is an option.
Cooked food from supermarket often seem convenient and trendy. There are many eating options
for today’s busy society.
Topic : Cooked Food
The main idea : ...........................................................................................
(ยังมีต่อค่ะ............)
