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 http://www.hewett.norfolk.sch.uk/CURRIC/soc/MARX/introM.htm

Marxism is often referred to as CONFLICT THEORY. Whereas Functionalism emphasises shared values and harmony, the conflict view of society sees it as divided into groups or classes whose interests conflict with each other.<p align="center">Emergence of Marxist Sociology</p>

Essentially emerged as a response to the political and social upheavals of in Europe and the USA in the 1960s.

</font>Marx’s Materialist Conception of HistoryMarx wrote in the 19th century (born 1818, died1883 – A German Jew). His starting point is that history is not a record of wars, monarchs or great statesmen, but that it is rather a record of how individuals organise themselves to satisfy their material needs for food, shelter and clothing. From the most simple hunting society to the most advanced industrial society, the production of material goods is characterised by two key features: - <ol> <li>

The Means (or Forces) of Production – which includes factories, land, capital, labour, machinery, scientific and technical knowledge etc. All of which are used in producing material goods.
  • The Relations of Production – this simply refers to the social relationships people enter into in order to produce goods.
    The means and relations of production are seen to make up a society’s particular Mode of Production. Marx argues that the means of production will give rise to a particular set of social relationships: -

    Pre-Industrial Society
    Feudal society based on agricultural land

    Means of Production
    Land, peasant labour, simple technology,
    livestock

    Relations of production
    Landlord
    • Serf/Peasant

    Capitalist Society
    Based on Industrial Production    Means of Production

     Capital, labour, factory, complex technology/knowledge

    Relations of Production
    Bourgeoisie (Capitalist/Owner)

    </li></u>Proletariat (Wage worker)</ol></font> <p align="center"> </p>

    The base (infrastructure) of society shapes what the rest of society will be like and is made up of the economic - everything to do with production.
    The superstructure legitimates the organisation of the base and is made up of everything that doesnt produce.

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