2022-08-10
151218-1 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด H - Hang & hung
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Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง hang = “HANG”
ออกเสียง hung = “HUHNG”
Dictionary.com:
IDIOMS ABOUT HANG
hang a left / right,
Slang. to make a left (or right) turn,
as while driving an automobile:
Hang a right at the next corner.
hang five, to ride a surfboard
with the weight of the body forward
and the toes of the forward foot curled
over the front edge of the surfboard.
Dictionary.com:
ORIGIN OF HANG
First recorded before 900;
fusion of 3 verbs:
(1) Middle English hon, Old English hōn “to hang” (transitive),
cognate with Gothic hāhan;
(2) Middle English hang(i)en, Old English hangian “to hang” (intransitive),
cognate with German hangen (intransitive);
(3) Middle English henge (transitive), from Old Norse hengja (transitive),
cognate with German hängen “to hang” (transitive)
Dictionary.com:
SYNONYM STUDY FOR HANG
Hang, lynch have in common
the meaning of
“to put to death,”
but lynching is not always by hanging.
Hang, in the sense of execute,
is in accordance with a legal sentence,
the method of execution being
to suspend by the neckuntil dead.
To lynch, however, implies the summaryputting to death,
by any method, of someone charged with a flagrant offense
(though guilt may not have been proved).
Lynching is done by private persons,
usually a mob, without legal authority.
Dictionary.com:
USAGE NOTE FOR HANG
Hang has two forms for the past tense
and past participle, hanged and hung.
The historically older form hanged
is now used exclusively
in the sense of causing or putting to death:
His friends were hanged by a lynch mob.
He was sentenced to be hanged by the neck until dead.
In the sense of legal execution,
hung is also quite common
and is standard in all types of speech
and writing except in legal documents.
When legal execution is not meant,
hung has become the more frequent form:
The prisoner hung himself in his cell.
USAGE FOR HUNG
For most senses of hang the past tense and past participle is hung :
I hung the curtains;
he had hung the new painting on the wall .
However, when the meaning is
'to suspend or be suspended by the neck until dead',
the past tense and past participle is hanged :
the traitors were hanged;
they had hanged him at dawn .
This form is also used in the idiom
I'll be hanged
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree:
hung
= fastened from above with no support from below;
suspended:
She hung up her clothes.
Not to be confused with:
hanged = executed by suspending by the neck:
He was hanged at dawn.
Collins English Dictionary:
Hung
Usage:
For most senses of hang
the past tense and past participle is hung:
I hung the curtains; he had hung the new painting on the wall.
However,
when the meaning is
'to suspend or be suspended by the neck until dead',
the past tense and past participle is hanged:
the traitors were hanged;
they had hanged him at dawn.
This form is also used in the idiom
I'll be hanged
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Hanged vs. Hung:
Usage Guide
Verb
For both transitive and intransitive senses
the past and past participle hung,
as well as hanged, is standard.
Hanged is most appropriate for official executions
he was to be hanged,
cut down whilst still alive … and his bowels torn out
— Louis Allen
but hung is also used.
gave orders that she should be hung — Peter Quennell
Hung is more appropriate for less formal hangings.
by morning I'll be hung in effigy — Ronald Reagan
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Words of the Week - May 27, 2022
Hang
Allegations that
the former president was not indisposed
to the idea of seeing the former vice president hanged
sent many people to the dictionary
in search of the word hang.
Trump expressed support for hanging Pence
during Capitol riot, Jan. 6 panel told
— (headline) Politico, 25 May 2022
Hang has many possible meanings;
the one most relevant here is
“to die by being suspended by the neck.”
Some usage guides
feel quite strongly that
there is a useful distinction to be made
in deciding between hanged and hung
when referring to something
that had at some point in the past been suspended.
The advice given is that hung is preferred
in almost every circumstance
(such as ‘the picture was hung in the living room’),
the exception being cases
where a person is put to death
(‘the prisoner was hanged yesterday at noon’).
It is worth noting that this distinction
extends to representations of people;
had a straw figure made to resemble some politician
(but not the actual person)
been subjected to this treatment
it would be considered correct
to say that they were hung in effigy,
but if the actual person had been so punished
one would say that they had been hanged.
Here is what our own usage guide has to say on this matter:
“The distinction between hanged and hung
is not an especially useful one
(although a few commentators claim otherwise).
It is, however, a simple one and certainly easy to remember.
Therein lies its popularity.
If you make a point of observing the distinction in your writing,
you will not thereby become a better writer,
but you will spare yourself the annoyance of
being corrected for having done something that is not wrong.”
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Is it 'Hung' or 'Hanged'?
Yes, there are two words for the past tense of 'hang'.
Sorry about that.
What to Know
The past tense of hang in almost all situations is hung.
You hung a picture on the wall, or
you hung out at the mall.
Only use hanged when referring to
someone being sentenced to death via hanging.
Some people bristle when
they hear hanged or hung used incorrectly.
Their blood boils. Their vision blacks out.
Mixing up hung and hanged will make these people thoroughly cheesed off and mad as heck.
Irate copy editors are no fun, but you can escape their ire.
Read on.
The standard rule for the past tense of hang is this:
in almost all situations, you should use the word hung.
I hung a picture of Noah Webster on the wall.
After school, she hung out in the library.
Use hanged
when referring to a person being suspended
by a rope around the neck until dead.
The Salem "witches" were not burned; they were hanged.
Justice Wargrave ordered Edward Seton
to be hanged by the neck until dead.
It's not that simple, however:
most usage guides reserve hanged for people subjected to death,
which means if an inanimate object
is suspended from a gallows,
the correct term is hung.
Despised by the voters, he was hung in effigy.
A stripped-down version of why we have
these two different words
is that the word hang came from two different verbs
in Old English (and possibly also one from Old Norse).
One of these Old English verbs was
what we might think of as a regular verb,
and this gave rise to hanged;
the other was irregular, and ended up becoming hung.
Hanged and hung were used interchangeably for hundreds of years,
although over time
the one from the irregular verb (hung)
eventually became the more common one.
Hanged retained its position
when used to refer to death by hanging,
possibly due to being favored by judges
who were passing a sentence.
However, both forms are commonly found,
and both are commonly found used in either sense.
The Hanged vs. Hung Debate
Is the distinction important?
It's still commonly found in usage guides,
which typically say that
the past and the past participle of
hang should be hanged
only when referring to a person
being subjected to death.
Hung is preferred, at least by people
who make a distinction,
in almost every circumstance.
However, not everyone makes this distinction.
The Merriam-Webster Dictionary of English Usage
has a take on this
that differs slightly from the one commonly found in usage guides:
The distinction between hanged and hung
is not an especially useful one
(although a few commentators claim otherwise).
It is, however, a simple one and certainly easy to remember.
Therein lies its popularity.
If you make a point of observing
the distinction in your writing,
you will not thereby become a better writer,
but you will spare yourself the annoyance
of being corrected for having done
something that is not wrong.
In other words,
observing this distinction will help you
to avoid criticism from people
with strong feelings on the subject.
But don't get too hung up about it.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:
hang′a·ble adj.
Usage Note:
Hanged, as a past tense and a past participle of hang,
is used in the sense of "to put to death by hanging,"
as in Frontier courts hanged many a prisoner after a summary trial.
In our 2008 survey, some 71 percent of the Usage Panel
objected to hung used in this sense.
The Panel's opposition to this usage
has remained strong since balloting began in the 1960s.
In all other senses,
hung is the preferred form as past tense and past participle,
as in I hung my child's picture above my desk.
Collins COBUID English Dictionary:
hang
1. 'hang' something somewhere
If you hang something somewhere,
you place itso that its highest part is supported and the rest is not.
When hang has this meaning,
its past tense and past participle is hung.
She hung the kettle on the iron post.
He had hung the coat where he could see it.
2. 'hang' a person
To hang a person means to kill them by
tying a rope around their neck
and taking away the support from under their feet
so that they hang in the air.
When hang has this meaning,
its past tense and past participle is hanged.
He went off and hanged himself.
Rebecca Smith was hanged in 1849.
3. other meanings
Hang has several other meanings and
is used in some phrasal verbs.
For allthese other meanings,
the past tense and past participle is hung.
Her long hair hung over her face.
The smell of paint hung in the air.
'Good night.' He hung up the phone.
Common Error in English Usage Dictionary:
Originally these words were pretty much interchangeable,
but “hanged” eventually came to be used
pretty exclusively to mean “executed by hanging.”
Does nervousness about the existence of
an indelicate adjectival form of the word
prompt people to avoid the correct word in such sentences
as
“Lady Wrothley saw to it that her ancestors’ portraits were properly hung"?
Nevertheless, “hung” is correct except when
capital punishment is being imposed.
