2022-03-14
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – F – fable & legend & myth
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ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียงfable = “FEY-buhl”
ออกเสียง legend = “LEJ-uhnd”
ออกเสียง myth = “MITH”
Dictionary.com:
HISTORICAL USAGE OF FABLE
Fable comes via French from Latin fābula
“talk, conversation, gossip or the subject of gossip,
a story for entertainment or instruction, a fable.”
The plural fābulae is used as an interjection meaning “nonsense! rubbish!”;
the idiom lupus in fābulā, literally “the wolf in the fable,”
is the equivalent of our “speak of the devil.”
The derivative verb fābulārī “to talk, chat”
is especially common in the comedies of Plautus and Terence.
Fābulārī, regularized to fābulāre, is the source of Spanish hablar
and Portuguese falar “to speak.”
Catalan, however, always influenced by French, uses parlar.
French parler and Italian parlare are verbs derived from the Latin noun parabola “comparison, explanatory illustration,”
in Late Latin (and especially in Christian Latin)
“allegorical story, parable, proverb.”
Parabola becomes parola “word” in Italian, parole in French, paraula
in Catalan. And by metathesis (transposition of letters)
common in Spanish and Portuguese,
parabola becomes parabla in Old Spanish,
palabra in Spanish, and palavra in Portuguese.
The related English word fib “a small or trivial lie”
is a shortening of earlier fibble-fable “nonsense,
” an obsolete or dialectal compound based on fable,
in the sense “a story not founded in fact.”
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
History and Etymology for fable
Noun
Middle English, borrowed from Anglo-French, going back to Latin fābula
"talk, gossip, account, tale, legend,"
from fā-, stem of for, fārī "to speak, say" + -bula, feminine
derivative of -bulum,
instrumental suffix (going back to Indo-European *-dhlom)
— more at BAN entry 1
Verb
Middle English fablen, borrowed from Anglo-French fabler,
fableier, going back to Latin fābulārī "to talk, converse, invent a story,"
verbal derivative of fābula "talk, account, FABLE entry 1"
Dictionary.com:
ORIGIN OF LEGEND
First recorded in 1300–50; 1900–05 for def. 4;
Middle English legende “written account of a saint's life,”
from Medieval Latin legenda literally, “(lesson) to be read,”
noun use of feminine of Latin legendus, gerund of legere “to read”;
so called because appointed to be read on respective saints' days
Dictionary.com:
SYNONYM STUDY FOR LEGEND
Legend, fable, myth
refer to fictitious stories, usually handed down by tradition
(although some fables are modern).
Legend, originally denoting a story concerning the life of a saint,
is applied to any fictitious story, sometimes involving the supernatural, and usually concerned with a real person, place, or other subject:
the legend of the Holy Grail.
A fable is specifically a fictitious story
(often with animals or inanimate things as speakers or actors)
designed to teach a moral:
a fable about industrious bees.
A myth is one of a class of stories,
usually concerning gods, semidivine heroes, etc.,
current since primitive times,
the purpose of which is to attempt to explain
some belief or natural phenomenon:
the Greek myth about Demeter.
Dictionary.com:
HISTORICAL USAGE OF MYTH
Myth came into English in the early 19th century via Latin mȳthus “myth,
fable” from Greek mŷthos. Latin mȳthus is straightforward:
it means “a fable or myth,”
such as one would read in Ovid’s Metamorphoses,
and in Late Latin, mȳthus is even used as a synonym for fābula
“a story, fable.”
Greek mŷthos has a tremendously wide range of meaning:
“a word, a speech, mere speech (as opposed to érga ‘deeds’),
something said, a thought, an unspoken word, a purpose,
a rumor, a report, a saying,
fiction (as opposed to lógos ‘historical truth’),
the plot of a play, a narrative, a story, a story for children, a fable.”
Sixty percent of Greek vocabulary has no known etymology,
and mŷthos is probably within that 60 percent,
but it is possible that mŷthos comes from the uncommon
Proto-Indo-European root mēudh-, mūdh- (with other variants)
“to be concerned with, crave, earnestly desire, think over.”
Following this theory, from the variant mūdh-, Greek derives mŷthos
and its derivative verb mȳtheîsthai “to speak, converse, tell”;
Gothic has maudjan “to remind, remember”; Lithuanian has maûsti
“to be concerned with,” and Polish has myśleć “to think.”
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Trending: ‘legacy,’ ‘legend,’ & ‘mamba’
Lookups spiked 9,900% on January 26, 2020
Why are people looking up the words legacy, legend, & mamba?
The tragic death of nine people,
including former L. A. Lakers guard Kobe Bryant,
caused a number of words to spike on January 26th, 2020.
In addition to surreal, legend, legacy, and mamba
all increased dramatically in lookups.
What do the words legacy, legend, & mamba mean?
Legend, which comes from the Latin legere
(“to gather, select, read”) initially meant
“a story coming down from the past”
when it entered English in the 14th century.
The word has taken on a variety of additional meanings
over the centuries, including the one most apt for Bryant
“a person or thing that inspires legends.”
Legacy may likewise be defined in multiple ways;
the sense referenced in the tributes to Bryant is
“something transmitted by or received from an ancestor
or predecessor or from the past.”
Mamba is a reference to Bryant’s nickname Black Mamba;
the mamba is
“any of several chiefly arboreal venomous green or black elapid snakes (genus Dendroaspis) of sub-Saharan Africa.”
The word came into English in the early 19th century
from the Zulu imamba.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Myth and Urban Myth
For a word so often applied to events or stories
from long, long ago,
myth has a remarkably recent history in the English language.
The earliest evidence for the word is from 1830,
well after the time when the events themselves
are thought to have occurred
(though it should be noted that
the related words mythology and mythic are hundreds of years older
– still not as old as Achilles, but not young, either!).
One application of myth, however
– in the phrase urban myth – is quite new.
Curiously,
an urban myth does not usually have anything to do with the city:
it is simply
“a story about an unusual event or occurrence
that many people believe is true but that is not true.”
An example would be the tale that Elvis Presley
is still alive after spending decades in a witness protection program.
The phrase urban myth has been used
to describe such hoaxes since at least 1971.
