2022-03-01
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – E - enough & sufficient
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
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Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง enough = “ih-NUHF”
ออกเสียง sufficient = “suh-FISH-uhnt”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:
enough & sufficient
These words are interchangeable, as is pointed out under Ample, Enough.
Each means “adequate,” “equal to the required amount”:
“We have enough food to last us a week.”
“We have sufficient money to buy more when we need it.”
These words should not be used together;
“sufficient enough” is a wordy expression.
Sufficient is felt to be more refined and elegant thanenough,
but the words are equally acceptable.
Enough, which can be used as a noun, adverb, and adjective,
can also be overused as a conversation filler.
These are trite phrases:
“oddly enough,” strangely enough,” “peculiarly enough.”
If a modifier is needed, then omit theenough.
Dictionary.com:
MORE ABOUT ENOUGH
What is a basic definition of enough?
Enough is an adjective that describes
something that is adequate for an intended purpose.
Enough is also used as an adverb to mean sufficiently or fully.
Enough also has senses as a pronoun and an interjection.
Enough describes something as being adequate or sufficient.
If you have enough of something,
you have at least met the minimum requirement.
- Real-life examples:
If you have enough money to buy food,
you won’t run out of money when you purchase it, though you might not have a lot of money left afterwards.
If you have enough points to pass a test, you won’t fail the test but you won’t get an A, either.
- Used in a sentence:
We had 15 people show up, enough to form our basketball team.
As an adverb, enough means in a degree that is satisfactory.
This sense is often used in the negative
to mean something failed to meet expectations or was insufficient.
- Real-life examples:
If your boss doesn’t think you work hard enough, they may fire you.
If you practice the violin enough, you may become better at playing it.
- Used in a sentence:
The door was just wide enough to fit the couch through it.
Enough is also used to mean fully, quite, or plenty.
This sense is used to describe a situation
where something has met the maximum requirement
and anything more is unnecessary.
This sense is not used in the negative.
- Real-life examples:
If you can pay all your bills and go on vacation,
you can say you earn enough.
You know you’ve studied enough
when you can answer all the practice questions correctly.
- Used in a sentence:
She decided the dog had eaten enough and took the food bowl away.
Where does enough come from?
The first records of enough come from before the 900s.
It comes from the Old English word genōh
and is related to the German genug and the Old Norse nōgr.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Choose the Right Synonym for enough
Adjective
Sufficient, Enough, Adequate. Competent
mean being what is necessary or desirable.
Sufficient suggests a close meeting of a need.
sufficient savings
Enough is less exact in suggestion than Sufficient.
do you have enough food?
Adequate may imply barely meeting a requirement.
the service was adequate
Competent suggests measuring up to all requirements without question or being adequately adapted to an end.
had no competent notion of what was going on
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
History and Etymology for sufficient
Middle English sufficiant, sufficient, borrowed from Anglo-French & Latin; Anglo-French suffisant, sufficient,
in part from present participle of suffire "to SUFFICE,"
in part borrowed from Latin sufficient-,
sufficiens, from present participle of sufficere
"to have enough strength or capacity, be adequate"
— more at SUFFICE
Collins COBUID English Dictionary:
enough
1. after adjectives and adverbs
You use enough after an adjective or adverb
to say that someone or something has as much of a quality as is needed.
It's big enough.
We have a long enough list.
The student isn't trying hard enough.
If you want to say who the person or thing is acceptable to,
you add a prepositional phrase beginning with for.
That's good enough for me.
Is the soup hot enough for you?
If someone has as much of a quality
as they need in order to do something,
you add a to-infinitive after enough.
The children are old enough to travel to school on their own.
You can also use a to-infinitive after enough
to say that something has as much of a quality
as is needed for someone to do something with it.
If you want to make it clear who you are talking about,
you can add a prepositional phrase beginning with for.
For example,
you can say 'The boat was close enough to touch'
or 'The boat was close enough for me to touch it'.
The bananas are ripe enough to eat.
The music was just loud enough for us to hear it.
Be Careful!
Don't use a that-clause after enough
when you are saying what is needed for something to be possible.
Don't say, for example,
'The bananas are ripe enough that we can eat them'.
Enough is sometimes used after an adjective
to confirm or emphasize that something or someone
has a particular quality.
It's a common enough dilemma.
When you make a statement of this kind,
you often add a second statement that contrasts with it.
She's likeable enough, but very ordinary.
2. used as a determiner
Enough is used in front of the plural form of a countable noun
to say that there are as many things or people as are needed.
They need to make sure there are enough bedrooms for the family.
Do we have enough chairs?
You can also use enough in front of an uncountable noun
to say that there is as much of something as is needed.
We had enough room to store all the information.
He hasn't had enough exercise.
3. 'enough of'
Don't use enough
immediately in front of a noun phrase beginning with a determiner,
or in front of a pronoun.
Instead you use enough of.
All parents worry about whether their child is getting enough of the right foods.
They haven't had enough of it.
When you use enough of in front of a plural noun or pronoun,
you use a plural form of a verb with it.
Eventually enough of these shapes were collected.
There were enough of them to fill a large box.
When you use enough of in front of a singular
or uncountable noun or a singular pronoun,
you use a singular form of a verb with it.
Is there enough of a market for this product?
There is enough of it for everybody.
4. used as a pronoun
Enough can be used on its own as a pronoun.
I've got enough to worry about.
Enough has been said about this already.
5. 'not enough'
Don't use enough, or enough and a noun,
as the subject of a negative sentence.
Don't say, for example,
'Enough people didn't come'. You say 'Not enough people came'.
Not enough has been done to help them.
Not enough attention is paid to young people.
6. modifying adverbs
You can use adverbs
such as nearly, almost, just, hardly, and quite in front of enough.
At present there is just enough to feed them.
There was hardly enough time to have lunch.
You can also use these adverbs in front of
an expression consisting of an adjective and enough.
We are all nearly young enough to be mistaken for students.
She is just old enough to work.
7. used with sentence adverbials
You can use enough after sentence adverbials
like interestingly or strangely to draw attention
to a surprising quality in what you are saying.
Interestingly enough, there were some questions
that Brian couldn't answer.
I find myself strangely enough in agreement with Jamal for a change.
