2022-01-06
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – C – Calvary & cavalry
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Calvary = “KAL-vuh-ree”
ออกเสียง cavalry = “KAV-uhl-ree”
Dictionary.com
HISTORICAL USAGE OF CALVARY
The proper name Calvary, originally spelled caluarie,
entered Old English about 1000 a.d. in, unsurprisingly,
a translation of the Gospel of St. Luke (23:33).
Caluarie comes directly from Late Latin Calvāriae (locum)
“(place) of the skull,” a translation of Greek
(tòn tópon tòn kaloúmenon) Kraníon “(the place called) Skull.”
Kraníon is the Greek translation of Aramaic gulgalthā “the skull,”
akin to Hebrew gulgōleth (Greek transliterates the Aramaic and Hebrew forms as golgothá “Golgotha”).
Nearly everything about Golgotha is uncertain,
including its exact location.
As to the reason
the Hebrew and Aramaic languages name the place “skull”:
it may have been a place for public executions
where the skulls of those executed were left to be seen;
it may be named for a nearby cemetery;
or it may be named for its shape
(in Virginia and North Carolina, a rounded, treeless mountaintop is called a “bald”).
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
’Cavalry & calvary
An assertion made via Twitter by one of Donald Trump’s supporters
that ‘the calvary is coming’
prompted renewed attention being paid a commonly-confused pair of words (cavalry and calvary).
We define cavalry as "an army component mounted on horseback."
If one is on the battlefield and wishes to have more troops mounted on horse, one calls in the cavalry.
If one wishes to refer to sending assistance,
cavalry may also be used in a figurative manner.
If, however, one wishes to make reference
to either "an open air depiction of the crucifixion"
or "an experience of intense suffering”
then the correct choice is calvary.
It may be helpful to remember that cavalry is quite often mobile,
and so may readily be sent, or may be coming;
the calvary comes from the name of the hill near Jerusalem
where Jesus was crucified, and is not something that may be sent in.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Usage Notes
Do You Send in the ‘Cavalry’ or the ‘Calvary’?
How to remember the difference between these commonly confused words
What to Know
On the battlefield, one should send in the cavalry,
which is the word for an army component mounted on horseback.
The similarly spelled word calvary however,
refers to "an open air depiction of the crucifixion,"
or more recently "an experience of intense suffering."
When you find yourself facing daunting circumstances
and seemingly innumerable foes,
do you figuratively sound the trumpets and call in the cavalry?
Or do you decide to call in the calvary?
If it is the former, you are on the right track,
and we hope that help will soon come to your aid.
If you opt for the latter, you have just made a request,
which we hope will go unfulfilled, for someone to send you
“an experience of intense suffering.”
You're in trouble!
Think quick: do you call in the cavalry, or the calvary?
These two words are often confused, enough
so that we record the pronunciation for calvary (ˈkal-və-rē)
as a variant on the headword for cavalry.
Why would we do such a thing?
Because a large number of people pronounce cavalry as calvary,
even if they have no trouble distinguishing
between the two words in writing.
And our pronunciation for this variant
does note that it is stigmatized;
we place a little ÷ before pronunciation variants
which many regard as unacceptable.
(This sign, by the way, is called an obelus,
in case you didn’t want to keep referring to it by its better-known name, which is "that division sign…you know,
the one with a line and a dot above it and below it
…you know the one I’m talking about?
Wait, do you have a piece of paper and a pen? I’ll show you what I mean.")
Origins of Cavalry and Calvary
Although they begin and end with the same groups of letters,
cavalry and calvary are not related in either origin or meaning.
Cavalry (“an army component mounted on horseback”)
comes from the Italian word cavalleria, which may mean either “cavalry”
or “chivalry.”
Two earlier meanings of cavalry in English,
now both obsolete, were “horsemanship” and “knighthood.”
Calvary was first used in our language over a thousand years ago,
as the name of the place outside ancient Jerusalem
where Jesus was crucified.
This name comes to English from the Latin word for “skull” (calvāria).
In the 18th century calvary began to be used with the meaning of
“an open-air representation of the crucifixion of Jesus,”
and then later took on the sense of “experience of intense suffering.”
When referring to the specific place the word is capitalized;
when using calvary to indicate a representation or an instance of suffering it is written in lowercase.
If you have trouble distinguishing between these two words,
it may help to remember that the word dealing with horsemen
has val in the middle of it.
If you associate this word with the long-running comic strip
Prince Valiant (who occasionally appears on horseback),
you will make the correct choice.
The A-Z of Correct English Common Errors in English Dictionary:
Calvary / cavalry
“Calvary,” always capitalized, is the hill on which Jesus was crucified.
It means “hill of skulls.”
Soldiers mounted on horseback are cavalry.
