2020-10-28
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด L – Lead - led
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Lead = ‘LEED’
ออกเสียง Led = ‘LED’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
lead
to conduct or escort: lead them out;
a heavy bluish-gray metal
Not to be confused with:
led – past tense of lead: He led them along the path.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
lead
Lead is used with various related meanings as a verb, singular noun, or countable noun, and with a totally different meaning and pronunciation as an uncountable noun.
1. used as a verb
If you lead (/liːd/) someone somewhere, you show them the way by going in front of them, or by walking beside them holding their hand or arm.
The past tense and -ed participle of 'lead' is led (/led/), not 'leaded'.
My mother took me by the hand and led me downstairs.
I had led her to the armchair and she sat down.
2. 'drive' and 'take'
You do not say that you 'lead' someone somewhere in a car.
You say that you drive or take them there.
Ginny drove Mrs Yancy to the airport.
It's his turn to take the children to school.
3. used as a singular noun
The person who has the lead in a race or competition is the one who is winning.
This win gave him the overall lead.
You often say that someone is in the lead.
Hammond was well in the lead for the first 40 minutes.
4. used as a countable noun
A dog's lead is a chain or long piece of leather or plastic which is attached to the dog's collar so that you can control the dog.
Always keep your dog on a lead in the street.
Note that the American word for this item is leash.
Dog owners say they have to exercise their dogs without a leash.
5. used as an uncountable noun
Lead (/led/) is a soft, grey, heavy metal.
...pipes made of lead.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for lead
Verb (1)
GUIDE, LEAD, STEER, PILOT, ENGINEER
mean to direct in a course or show the way to be followed.
GUIDE implies intimate knowledge of the way and of all its difficulties and dangers. guided the scouts through the cave
LEAD implies showing the way and often keeping those that follow under control and in order. led his team to victory
STEER implies an ability to keep to a course and stresses the capacity of maneuvering correctly. steered the ship through a narrow channel
PILOT suggests guidance over a dangerous or complicated course. piloted the bill through the Senate
ENGINEER implies finding ways to avoid or overcome difficulties in achieving an end or carrying out a plan. engineered his son's election to the governorship
When to Use Lead or Led
There is some persistent confusion about lead and led.
Or, we should say, there is confusion about the leads and led.
Lead is both a noun and a verb, as most people know.
There are several unrelated nouns spelled lead:
one most commonly refers to a metal
(as in, "The paint was made with lead"),
and the other most commonly refers to a position of advantage
(as in, "Our team was in the lead").
The verb lead is pronounced /LEED/, with a long e;
the noun that refers to a position or advantage is also pronounced /LEED/, with a long e;
the noun that refers to the metal, however, is pronounced /LED/, with a short e.
To this moderately convoluted situation,
add the past tense and past participle of the verb lead,
which is led and pronounced like the metal noun lead with a short e.
The homophonic confusion leads to homographic confusion, and you will therefore occasionally see lead in constructions where led is called for
(as in, “She lead the ducklings to safety” instead of “She led the ducklings to safety”).
The correct past and past participle of lead is spelled led.
If you aren’t sure whether to use led or lead as the verb in your sentence,
try reading it aloud to yourself. If the verb is pronounced /LED/, use led.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
Why Do We 'Bury the Lede?'
We buried 'lead' so far down that we forgot how to spell it
What to Know
A lede is the introductory section in journalism and thus to bury the lede refers to hiding the most important and relevant pieces of a story within other distracting information. The spelling of lede is allegedly so as to not confuse it with lead (/led/) which referred tothe strip of metal that would separate lines of type.
Both spellings, however, can be found in instances of the phrase.
In journalism, the lede refers to the introductory section of a news story that is intended to entice the reader to read the full story.
It appears most frequently in the idiom bury the lede.
Our earliest examples of 'lede' come from the 1970s, around the time that Linotype machines began disappearing from newsrooms.
You often see a periodical or news organization accused of burying the lede when the important elements of a story are tucked down into the details, obscured by less important, distracting information:
We're not going to bury the lede here: Bob Ross' hair was actually straight. Just ask his longtime business partner, Annette Kowalski, who knew Ross better than anyone — he had just gotten out of the Air Force, and was unsuccessfully trying to make a living as a painter, she says. "He got this bright idea that he could save money on haircuts. So he let his hair grow, he got a perm, and decided he would never need a haircut again," Kowalski explains.
—Danny Hajek, NPR.org, 29 Aug. 2016
The big box-office story of the weekend isn’t exactly, ahem, strange. So let’s bury the lede for a second and start with some good news: Small movies are doing gangbusters business in limited release.
—A. A. Dowd, The A. V. Club, 7 Nov. 2016
Why is it Spelled "Lede"
The spelling lede is an alteration of lead, a word which, on its own, makes sense; after all, isn't the main information in a story found in the lead (first) paragraph? And sure enough, for many years lead was the preferred spelling for the introductory section of a news story.
So how did we come to spell it lede?
Although evidence dates the spelling to the 1970s, we didn't enter lede in our dictionaries until 2008. For much of that time, it was mostly kept under wraps as in-house newsroom jargon.
Once, Al Marlens, the assistant managing editor, told one of the cleaning men to walk up to me and ask to see my lede, “not lead,” a newsie slang for the first sentence of a story.
—Myron S. Waldman, Forgive Us Our Press Passes, 1991
Spelling the word as lede helped copyeditors, typesetters, and others in the business distinguish it from its homograph lead (pronounced \led\ ), which also happened to refer to the thin strip of metal separating lines of type (as in a Linotype machine). Since both uses were likely to come up frequently in a newspaper office, there was a benefit to spelling the two words distinctly.
William Safire, who knew a thing or two about newsrooms, wrote in his New York Times "On Language" column in 1990, "Wouldn't it be easier if the noun for the metal were spelled the way it sounded (led, to rhyme with dead) and the noun for the beginning of a newspaper story were spelled the way it is pronounced (lede, or leed, to rhyme with deed)?"
Others have been less than willing to embrace the new spelling. At The Awl, founder Choire Sicha tore out at those who use lede like it's an affectation:
You schmucks who use ridiculous journo-terms make me crazy! Finally, someone is willing to speak out against the use of “lede” in public. Because, ha ha, sucka, there’s no reason for it! (Plus, MOST OF YOU ARE JUST BLOGGERS.)
—Choire Sicha, The Awl, 19 Sept. 2011
That "someone" was Howard Owens, a writer who has speculated that the flourishing of lede in the 1970s is ironic given that Linotype machines were starting to be phased out from newsrooms around that time. Owens attributes the fondness for the spelling to nostalgia, calling it "an invention of linotype romanticists, not something used in newsrooms of the linotype era."
Despite the acknowledgment of lede by Safire and others, and its subsequent use by journalists and non-journalists alike, phrases employing the traditional spelling of lead still find their way into print:
But because I didn’t want Marshall’s piece to get lost in a big evening, I’ve buried the lead: The New Music Group was followed by a late-night appearance of wild Up, with Christopher Rountree conducting his increasingly impressive young ensemble in three more premieres
Mark Swed, Los Angeles Times, 2 Oct. 2016
Needless to say, don't want to bury the lead, but I think there could be a second day of down for Apple (AAPL) -- said so myself in a video I did with Jack Mohr (see above) -- but if you don't own any, by all means don't let me stop you from buying some.
Jim Cramer, TheStreet.com, 26 Oct. 2016
This is sure to become one of those longstanding usage debates that will have its hard-liners on both sides, and perhaps reveal a little bit about the writer's familiarity with the news business.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Lead – led
The words are sometimes confused because the past tense of lead is led, which is pronounced like the metal lead.
When an object is covered or treated with lead(the metal), it is leaded,
but such a condition bears no relationship
to the verb that means “to show the way,” “to conduct or escort”:
“If you lead the way, I’ll follow you.”
“You have led me to make a foolish mistake.”
“This experiment has led me to believe that leadis a heavy, soft, malleable metal.”
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Lead – led
When you’re hit over the head, the instrument could be a “lead” pipe. But when it’s a verb, “lead” is the present and “led” is the past tense. The problem is that the past tense is pronounced exactly like the above-mentioned plumbing material (“plumb” comes from a word meaning “lead”), so people confuse the two. In a sentence like “She led us to the scene of the crime,” always use the three-letter spelling. (copied from original text)
When you’re hit over the head, the instrument could be a “lead” pipe.
But when it’s a verb,
“lead” is the present and “led” is the past tense.
The problem is that the past tense is pronounced exactly like the above-mentioned plumbing material
(“plumb” comes from a word meaning “lead”),
so people confuse the two.
In a sentence like “She led us to the scene of the crime,”
always use the three-letter spelling.
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