2020-10-19
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด I – Inhibit prohibit
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Inhibit = ‘in-HIB-it’
ออกเสียง prohibit = ‘proh-HIB-it’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
inhibit
hold in check, restrain:
The police officer will inhibit rowdy behavior.
Not to be confused with:
inhabit – be present in, make one’s home or live in:
I inhabit a remodeled church.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for inhibit
FORBID, PROHIBIT, INTERDICT, INHIBIT
mean to debar one from doing something or to order that something not be done.
FORBID implies that the order is from one in authority and that obedience is expected. smoking is forbidden in the building
PROHIBIT suggests the issuing of laws, statutes, or regulations. prohibited the sale of liquor
INTERDICT implies prohibition by civil or ecclesiastical authority usually for a given time or a declared purpose. practices interdicted by the church
INHIBIT implies restraints or restrictions that amount to prohibitions, not onlyby authority but also by the exigencies of the time or situation. conditions inhibiting the growth of free trade
Collins COBUILD English Usage
prohibit
To prohibit something means to forbid it or make it illegal.
We prohibit air guns and other weapons that might wound someone.
She believes that nuclear weapons should be totally prohibited.
You can say that someone is prohibited from doing something.
Guests were once prohibited from entering the kitchen.
The country has a law prohibiting employees from striking.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for prohibit
FORBID, PROHIBIT, INTERDICT, INHIBIT
mean to debar one from doing something or to order that something not be done.
FORBID implies that the order is from one in authority and that obedience is expected. smoking is forbidden in the building
PROHIBIT suggests the issuing of laws, statutes, or regulations. prohibited the sale of liquor
INTERDICT implies prohibition by civil or ecclesiastical authority usually for a given time or a declared purpose. practices interdicted by the church
INHIBIT implies restraints or restrictions that amount to prohibitions, not only by authority but also by the exigencies of the time or situation. conditions inhibiting the growth of free trade
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
Does ‘Uninhibited’ Contain a Double Negative?
You couldn’t be hibited even if you tried.
The verb inhibit means“to refrain from doing something” or “to hold in check,”
as in “climate conditions that inhibit plant growth.”
In the fields of psychology and sociology, the participial adjective inhibited often describes those who are unable to express their thoughts and feelings freely:
People with type-D personality tend to have a negative outlook on life and suppress their feelings. They're also likely to be reserved and socially inhibited.
— Alice Park, Time, 27 Sept. 2010
David's left arm is squarely wrapped around his son's narrow frame, his smile classic dad-pride: tight-lipped and composed in the way that fathers smile around sons they don't want to embarrass with sincere displays of emotion, even as their less inhibited children smile, the way Nic does, as if happy laughter isn't far behind.
— Joshua Rivera, GQ.com, 15 Oct. 2018
You might see the in- at the beginning of inhibit
and ask yourself: would someone who can express their thoughts and feelings freely therefore be “hibited?”
The answer is no—because the in at the beginning of inhibit is not a negative prefix.
Inhibit was borrowed into English in its whole form from the Latin verb inhibēre. The in- part is a Latin prefix, meaning “in” rather than “not,” that combined with the verb habēre (“to have”).
Habēre led to other words in English, including habit and inhabit, but since in- is not a negating prefix, hibited would not be the opposite of inhibited. That honor would go to uninhibited:
There is something exhilarating about seeing an artist have so much uninhibited fun, truly lost in the soundscapes of her own music.
— Wahid Al Mamun, The Chicago Maroon, 4 Mar. 2019
The Dodgers play baseball like they cut a rug: uninhibited, boldly and with contributions from plenty of unexpected sources.
— Tom Verducci, Sports Illustrated, 19 Oct. 2009
So, when it come to using uninhibited, you have no reason to hold back.
