2020-09-18 คำชวนสับสน ชุด E – Excerpt & extract

Revision E

2020-09-18

15126-1 คำชวนสับสน ชุด E – Excerpt & extract

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Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง “EXCERPT” =

นาม = ‘EK-surpt / กริยา = ik-SURPT’

ออกเสียง “EXTRACT” =

นาม = EK-strakt

กริยา = ik-STRAKT

Dictionary.com

SYNONYM STUDY FOR EXTRACT

Extract, exact, extort, wrest

imply using force to remove something.

To extract is to draw forthsomething as by pulling, importuning, or the like: to extract a confession by torture.

To exact is to impose a penalty, or to obtain by force or authority, something to which one lays claim: to exact payment.

To extort is to wring something by intimidation or threats from an unwilling person: to extort money by threats of blackmail.

To wrest is to take by force or violencein spite of active resistance: The courageous minority wrested power from their oppressors.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Choose the Right Synonym for extract

Verb

EDUCE, EVOKE, ELICIT, EXTRACT, EXTORT

mean to draw out something hidden, latent, or reserved.

EDUCE implies the bringing out of something potential or latent. educed order out of chaos

EVOKE implies a strong stimulus that arouses an emotion or an interest or recalls an image or memory. a song that evokes warm memories

ELICIT usually implies some effort or skill in drawing forth a response. careful questioning elicited the truth

EXTRACT implies the use of force or pressure in obtaining answers or information. extracted a confession from him

EXTORT suggests a wringing or wresting from one who resists strongly. extorted their cooperation by threatening to inform

Do you exact or extract revenge?

The verb exact (as in, "exacting revenge" or "exacting a promise") is Facetious commonly encountered as the adjective exact, (as in "an exact copy" or "exact measurements").

Sometimes people will mistakenly use the more common verb extract

when they really want exact.

Extract can refer to removing something by pulling or cutting or to getting information from someone who does not want to give it.

While both words refer to getting somethingthey are used in different ways. You extract a tooth, but you exact revenge.

The Crisscrossing Histories of Abstract and Extract

Verb

Abstract is most frequently used as an adjective (“abstract ideas”) and a noun (“an abstract of the article”), but its somewhat less common use as a verb in English helps to clarify its Latin roots. The verb abstract is used to mean “summarize,” as in “abstracting an academic paper.” This meaning is a figurative derivative of the verb’s meanings “to remove” or “to separate.”

We trace the origins of abstract to the combination of the Latin roots ab-, a prefix meaning “from” or “away,” with the verb trahere, meaning “to pull” or “to draw.”

The result was the Latin verb abstrahere, which meant “to remove forcibly” or “to drag away.”

Its past participle abstractus had the meanings “removed,” “secluded,” “incorporeal,” and, ultimately, “summarized,” meanings which came to English from Medieval Latin.

Interestingly, the word passed from Latin into French with competing spellings as both abstract (closer to the Latin) and abstrait (which reflected the French form of abstrahere, abstraire), the spelling retained in modern French.

The idea of “removing” or “pulling away” connects abstract to extract, which stems from Latin through the combination of trahere with the prefix ex-, meaning “out of” or “away from.”

Extract forms a kind of mirror image of abstract: more common as a verb, but also used as a noun and adjective. The adjective, meaning “derived or descended,” is now obsolete, as is a sense of the noun that overlapped with abstract, “summary.”

The words intersected and have separated in modern English, but it’s easy to see that abstract applies to something that has been summarized, and summarized means “extracted from a larger work.”

Collins English Dictionary

Usage: Extract is sometimes wrongly usedwhere extricate would be better: he will find it difficult extricating (not extracting) himself from this situation