Introduction to Git : What is Git?

What is Git?  Git is a software.

• Keeps track of changes
• especially text change
• version1, version 2, version 3
• Version control system (VCM)
  
• Source code management (SCM)

Example of version control (non-source code)

• File naming (Budget_v4.xls, Logo_v2.gif)
• Microsoft Word's Track Changes
• Adobe Photoshop's History
• Wikis
• Undo: control+Z (Windows), comand+z (Mac)

The history of Git

• Source Code Control System SCCS
• 1972, closed source, free with Unix
• Revision Control System RCX
• 1982, open source
• Concurrent Versions System CVS
• 1986-1990 open source
• Apache Subversion SVN
  
• 2000, open source
• BitKeeper SCM
• 2000, closed source, proprietary
• distributed version control
• 'community version' was free
• used for source code of the Linux Kernel from 2002 - 2005
• controversial to use propriatary SCM for an open source project
• April 2005: the community version not free anymore
• Git is born
• April 2005
• created by Tinus Torvalds
• replacement for BitKeeper to manage Linux kernel source code
• distributed version control
• open source and free software
• compatible with Unix-like system (linux ,Mac OS X, and solaris) and Windows
• faster than other SCMs (100x in some cases)
• better safeguards against data corruption
• Git is a hit
• explosion in popularity
• no official statistics
• GitHub launced in 2008 to host Git repositories
• 2009: over 50,000 repository, over 100,000 users
• 2011 : over 2 million repositories, over 1 million users

About distribued version control

• distributed versin control
• different users or team of user maintain their own repositores, instead of working from a centrol repository
• changes are stored as change sets or patches
• track changes, not version
• differents from CVS and SVN , which track versin
• change sets can be exchaged between repositories
• merge in change set or apply patches.
• no single master repository: just many working copies each with their own combination of changes sets
• imagine changes to a document as sets A, B, C, D, E, F
• Repo 1 : A, B, C, D, E, F
• Repo 2: A, B, C, D
• Repo 3: A, B, C, E
• Repo 4: A, B, E, F
• no need to communicate with a central server
  
• faster
• no network access required
• no single failure point
• encourages participation and forking or projects
• developers can work independently
• submit change sets for inclusion or rejection

Who should use Git?

• anyone wanting to track edits
• review a history log of changes made
• view differences between version
• retrieve old versions
• anyone needing to share changes with collaborators
• anyone not afraid of command-line tools
• programmers and develpers
• HTML, CSS, JavaScripts
• PHP, Ruby, Ruby on Rails, Perl, Python, ASP
• Java, C, C++, C#, Objective-c
• ActionScript, CoffeeScripts, Haskell, Scala, Shell scripts
• not as useful for tracking non-text files
• images, movies, music, fonts
• word processing files, spreadsheets, PDFs

- End for What is Git-

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