contemporary medicine
Title carbonated drinks and dental erosion in adolescent’s perspective:
Municipality , kalasin province
Background Tooth wear is the status of dental hard tissue loss from causes other than developmental causes, dental caries and trauma [Hattab F, Yassin O. ,2000]. Three categories of tooth wear have been defined: attrition , abrasion and erosion. Attrition is the wear of tooth against tooth,and abrasion is the wear of teeth by physical means other than opposing teeth while erosion is the physical result of a chronic, pathologic, localized loss of dental hard tissue that is chemically etched away from the tooth surface by acid and/or chelation without bacterial involvement [Pindborg JJ .,1970 ; Eccles JD. ,1982 and ].
Erosion can be caused by intrinsic factors, such as gastric acid from frequent vomiting or gastrooesophageal reflux. In young people frequent vomiting may be caused by eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa. On the other hand; erosion which caused by extrinsic factors, can be met in frequent consumption of acidic food and drink. At present, however; the major cause of erosion in children is believed to be the frequent consumption of acidic food and drinks. The high prevalence is worrying because dental erosion is difficult to treat because there is often inadequate enamel and insufficient coronal tissue to provide successful adhesive restorations [Harley K.,1999] and its effects are cumulative with age. Therefore ; with increasing life expectancy , the problems associated with tooth wear are likely to place greater demands on dental professionals [Hattab F, Yassin O. ,2000].The prevention of erosion at an early age is therefore important to reduce the severity of all types of tooth wear in later life.
Although some studies [Bartlett DW, Coward PY, Nikkah C, Wilson RT. ,1998] believe there is insufficient evidence to directly implicate soft drinks playing role in dental erosion,nevertheless; there is an empirical evidence demonstrating a causal relationship between acidic drink consumption and dental erosion. This includes in vivo experiments [Moazzez R, Smith N, Bartlett DW. ,2000], epidemiological studies [Eccles JD, Jenkins WG. ,1974; Millward A, Shaw L, Smith AJ, Rippin JW, Harrington E.,1994 and O’Sullivan EA, Curzon ME. ,2000], animal studies [Holloway PJ, Mellanby M, Steward RJC. ],in vitro studies [Touyz LZG, Silove NI. ,1993 ; Lussi A, Jaeggi-Schärer S. ,1995 ; Maupome G, Aguilar-Avila M, Medrano-Ugalde H, Borges-Yanez A.,1999 and Larsen MJ, Nyvad B.,1999] and case studies [High AS.,1977]. Therefore the best method of prevention dental erosion would seem to be to reduce children’s consumption of soft drinks while increasing their consumption of healthier drinks, such as milk and water.
To date, some work has been carried out on children’s food choices [DeBiase CB.,1992 and Shepherd R. ,1999]. These studies suggest that a large number of complex interacting factors determine food choice, including innate taste preference, availability, affordability and convenience, advertising and sponsorship, peer group influences ,family influences and health education. However; there has been very few research studies on the influences over children’s choice of drink
Objectives
General objectives
1. to obtain the determinants of pilot group’s choices of drinks
2. to obtain their knowledge and perception of dental health problem due to carbonated drinks
Specific objectives to conduct the questionnaire for working out in target population
Relevant studies:
1.Pindborg JJ. Pathology of the Dental Hard Tissues. Copenhagen: Munskgaard, 1970: 312–321.
2.Eccles JD. Tooth surface loss from abrasion, attrition and erosion.Dental Update1982;9: 373–381.
3.Hattab F, Yassin O. Aetiology and diagnosis of tooth wear:a literature review and presentation of selected cases.International Journal of Prosthodontics 2000;13: 101–107.
4.Bartlett DW, Coward PY, Nikkah C, Wilson RT. The prevalence of tooth wear in a cluster sample of adolescent Schoolchildren and its relationship with potential explanatory factors.British Dental Journal1998;184: 125–129.
5.Walker A, Gregory J, Bradnock G, Nunn J, White D.National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Young People Aged 4–18 Years Vol. 2. London: The Stationary Office, 2000: 27–111.
6.Harley K. Tooth wear in the child and the youth.British Dental Journal 1999;186: 492–496.
7.Moazzez R, Smith N, Bartlett DW. Oral pH and drinking habit during ingestion of a carbonated drink in a group of adolescents with dental erosion.Journal of Dentistry 2000;28: 395–397.
8.Eccles JD, Jenkins WG. Dental erosion and diet.Journal of Dentistry
1974;2: 153–159.
9.Millward A, Shaw L, Smith AJ, Rippin JW, Harrington E.The severity of tooth wear and the relationship between erosion and dietary constituents in a group of children.International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 1994;4 : 151–157.
10.O’Sullivan EA, Curzon ME. A comparison of acidic dietary factors in children with and without dental erosion.Journal of Dentistry for Children2000;67: 186–92
11.Holloway PJ, Mellanby M, Steward RJC. Fruit drinks and tooth erosion.
British Dental Journal1958;104: 305–309.
12. Touyz LZG, Silove NI. Increased acidity in frozen juices and dental implications.Journal of Dentistry for Children1993;60: 223–225.
13. Lussi A, Jaeggi-Schärer S. Prediction of the erosive potential of some beverages.Caries Research1995;9: 349–354.
14. Maupome G, Aguilar-Avila M, Medrano-Ugalde H, Borges-Yanez A. In vitro quantitative micro-hardness assessment of enamel with early salivary pellicles after exposure to an eroding cola drink.Caries Research 1999;33: 140–147.
15. Larsen MJ, Nyvad B. Enamel erosion by some soft drinks and orange juices relative to their pH, buffering effect and content of calcium phosphate.Caries Research 1999;33: 81–87.
16. High AS. An unusual pattern of dental erosion: a case report.
British Dental Journal 1977;143: 403–404.
17. British Soft Drinks Association. The 2000 Sucralose Soft Drinks Report. London: British Soft Drinks Association,2000: 4–27.
18. DeBiase CB.Dental Health Education.Theory and Practice.Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1991.
19.Shepherd R. Social determinants of food choice.Proceedings of Nutrition Society 1999;58: 807–812.
Methodology qualitative research
Sample group 32 children participated in four focus groups, aged group between
10-11-years old and 15-16-years old in municipality school of kalasin province with two socio-economic level
Tool topic discussion (semi structure interview)
researcher and note taker
tape recorder
Data collection focus group discussion , participatory observation
Data analysis content analysis
Benefit beyond health promotion strategy in adolescent group
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