เรียนอารับออนไลด์

In this lesson we learn:

1.

The plural of nouns and adjectives. In English adjectives.   In English adjectives. have no plural form. We say:‘‘good men’’. But in Arabic even adjectives have plural form.  In English we have two kinds of plural form:

  (1) Sound, and

  (2) Broken

In the sound plural the word retains its original form e.g.

In the broken plural the original form of  the word is  changed to a great extent, e.g.

In Arabic we have these two kinds of plural form: sound and broken.

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The sound plural is either masculine or feminine. The sound masculine plural has <<-una>> ending. e.g.

مُسْلِمٌ		مُسْلِمُوْنَ
muslim-u-n		muslim-una
مُدَرِّسٌ		مُدَرِّسُوْنَ
mudarris-u-n		mudarris-una

The sound feminine plural has ‘‘at-u-n’’ ending. e.g.

مُسْلِمَةٌ		مُسْلِمَاتٌ
muslimat-u-n		muslimat-u-n
مُهَنْدِسَةٌ		مُهَنْدِسَاتٌ
muhandisat-u-n		muhandisat-u-n

Note:

     That in this plural form the singular has short << a >>  before the << t >> ( muslimat-u-n ), and the << t >> is round ( ة ), where as in the plural the << a >> is long, and  the << t >> is open ( muslimat-u-n ).

In pronunciation the only difference between the singular and the plural is the shortness and length of << a >>:

muslimat-u-n	muslimat-u-n

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The broken plural. Unlike in English, the broken plural is very widely used in Arabic. There are more than twenty patterns of the broken plural. Some are given in the  lesson. These are:

فُعُوْلٌ	نَجْمٌ	نُجُوْمٌ
(Iu2u3-u-n)1	najm-u-n	nujum-u-n
فُعُلٌ	كِتَابٌ	كُتُبٌ
(Iu2u3-u-n)	kitab-u-n	kutub-u-n
فِعَالٌ	جَبَلٌ	جِبَالٌ
(Iu2a3-u-n)	jabal-u-n	jibal-u-n
فُعَّالٌ	تَاجِرٌ	تُجَّارٌ
(Iu22a3-u-n)	tajir-u-n	tujjar-u-n
أَفْعَالٌ	قَلَمٌ	أَقْلاَمٌ
(Iu12a3-u-n)	qalam-u-n	aqlam-u-n
فُعَلاَءُ	زَمِيْلٌ	زُمَلاَءُ
(Iu2u3a-u)	zamil-u-n	zumala-n
This is without tanwin
أَفْعِلاَءُ	صَدِيْقٌ	أَصْدِقَاءٌ
(Iu12ila-u)	sadiq-u-n	asdiqa-u
This is without tanwin
فِعْلَةٌ	أَخٌ	إِخْوَةٌ
(Ii23at-u-n)	akh-u-n	ikhwat-u-n

The Student is advised to learn the plural form of every  new noun and adjective he learns.

2.

The plural of  هَذِهِ and هَؤُلاَءِ ( ha ula i ), e.g.

هَذَا تَاجِرٌ		هَؤُلاَءِ تُجَّارٌ
This is a merchant.		These are merchants.
هَذِهِ مُدَرِّسَةٌ		هَؤُلاَءِ مُدَرِّسَاتٌ
This is s lady teacher.		These are lady teachers.

Note:

That هَؤُلاَءِ is mostly used with human beings. Its use to  refer to non-human beings is rare. See lesson 16 to find out what to be used with non-human beings.

3.

The plural of هُوَ ‘‘he’’ is هُمْ ‘‘they’’ ( masculine ). Unlike the singular هُوَ the plural هُمْ is used to refer only to   human beings. e.g.

هُوَ مُدَرِّسٌ		هُوَ مُدَرِّسُوْنَ
He is a teacher.		They are teachers.

The plural of ـهُ ( his ) is ـهُمْ ( their ), e.g.

Where is their house?	أَيْنَ بَيْتُهُمْ؟
Their father is a famous merchant.	أَبُوْهُمْ تَاجِرٌ شَهِيْرٌ.

Note:

That the words for ‘‘they’’ and ‘‘their’’ have the same  form ( هُمْ )

4.

We have learnt ذَهَبَ ‘‘ he went’’. Now ‘‘they went’’ is  ذَهَبُوْا  dhahabu.

Note:

That there is an alif at the end of the word which is not  pronounced.

Note:

That the pronoun that we have learnt in this part of the   lesson is masculine. We will learn the feminine pronoun  in part B of this lesson.

5.

بَعْضَ ‘‘some’’, e.g.

 بَعْضَهُمْ مُدَرِّسُوْنَ , وَبَعْضُهُمْ مُهَنْدِسُوْنَ.

some of them are teachers, and some ( of them ) are the engineers.

1 The numbers 1,2 and 3 refer to the first, second and third letter of the word.

 

part B

In this part we learn the following:

1.

The plural of هِيَ ‘‘she’’ is هُنَّ .e.g.

They are my brothers, and they are my sister.

 هُمْ إِخْوَتِي , وَهُنَّ أَخَوَاتِي.

The plural of هَا ‘‘her’’ is هُنَّ ‘‘their’’.

Note:

That the pronouns for ‘‘they’’ and ‘‘their’’ are the

same.

They are my class-mates and this is house.

 هُنَّ زَمِيْلاَئِي , وَهَذَا بَيْتُهُنَّ.

2.

We have already learnt that the plural of هَذِهِ is هَؤُلاَءِ.  i.e. it is the same for both the masculine and the feminine.

3.

We have learnt in part A that ذَهَبُوْا means ‘‘they went’’   ( masculine ).‘‘They went’’ ( feminine ) is ذَهَبْنَ      ( dhahabna ), e.g.

Where are you brothers?	أَيْنَ إِجْوَتُكَ ؟
They went to the university.	ذَهَبُوْا إِلَى الْجَامِعَةِ .
And where are you sisters?	أَيْنَ أَجَوَاتُكَ ؟
They went to the library.	ذَهَبْنَ إِلَى الْمَكْتَبَةِ.

4.

We have already learnt the formation of  the sound  feminine plural. In the pronunciation the << a >> before the << t >> is lengthened. In writing, in addition to this,  the ‘‘round ta’’ is changed to ‘‘open ta’’, e.g.

مُسْلِمَةٌ		مُسْلِمَاتٌ
muslimat-u-n		muslimat-u-n

Note:

That the following plurals which are irregualr:

بِنْتٌ		بَنَاتٌ
bint-un		banat-un
أُجْتٌ		أَجْوَاتٌ
ukht-un		akhawat-u-n
فَتَاةٌ		فَتَيَاتٌ
fata-u-n		fatayat-u-n