2023-06-23 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด L - Lend & loan & borrow

Revision L

Ref: GTK#686632เขียนเมื่อ 29 ตุลาคม 2020

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Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง Lend = ‘LEND’

ออกเสียง loan = ‘LOHN’

ออกเสียง Borrow = ‘BAWR-oh’

 

NECTEC’s Lexitron-2 Dictionary

ให้คำแปล Lend = VT. & VI ให้ยืม

ให้คำแปลloan = VT. ให้กู้ (เงิน/ของ) VI ให้กู้ N. เงินกู้ การให้ยืม

ให้คำแปลBorrow = VT. หยิบยืม ขอยืม VI รับเอา

 

Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression

Lend & loan

Loan has long been established as a verb.

Especially in business circles (loan the firm some money),

but lend is considered preferable 

by many careful writers and speakers:

“I refused to lend (not loan) him my car for the evening,”

 

Loan (not lend) should be used as a noun.

If you prefer to use lend rather than loan as a verb

(perhaps because “Distance loan enchantment” sound odd),

remember that the past tense and past participle are lent:

“The bank lent him money yesterday.”

“The bank has lent him money many times.”

 

Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree

lend

= to grant the use of something that will be returned;

= to make a loan: 

I agreed to lend him the money.;

= to help: lend a hand

Not to be confused with:

Loan = the act of lending: 

= the loan of a book;

= money lent: 

The bank granted the loan.

[Some contend that lend is a verb and loan is a noun.

 

However, loan as a verb meaning to lend 

has been used in English for nearly eight hundred years. 

[Loan is most common in financial contexts.]

 

Dictionary.com

USAGE NOTE FOR LOAN

Sometimes mistakenly identified as an Americanism,

loan as a verb meaning “to lend” 

has been used in English for nearly 800 years:

Nearby villages loaned clothing and other supplies 

to the flood-ravaged town.

 

The occasional objections to loan as a verb 

referring to things other than money, 

are comparatively recent.

 

Loan is standard in all contexts 

but is perhaps most common in financial ones: 

The government has loaned money to farmers to purchase seed.

 

Collins COBUILD English Usage

Borrow & lend

If you borrow something that belongs to someone else,

you use it for a period of time and then return it.

Could I borrow your car?

I borrowed this book from the library.

 

If you lend something you own to someone else,

you allow them to have it or use it for a period of time.

The past tense form and -ed participle of lend is lent.

I lent her £50.

Would you lend me your calculator?

 

Be Careful!
You don't normally talk about borrowing 

or lending things that can't move.

Don't say, for example, 'Can I borrow your garage next week?'

You say 'Can I use your garage next week?'

You can use our washing machine.

 

Similarly, 

you don't usually say 'He lent me his office while he was on holiday'.

You say 

'He let me use his office while he was on holiday'.

She brought them mugs of coffee and let them use her bath.

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Loan vs. Lend: Usage Guide

The verb loan is one of the words English settlers 

brought to America and continued to use 

after it had died out in Britain. 

 

Its use was soon noticed by British visitors 

and somewhat later by the New England literati, 

who considered it a bit provincial.

 

It was flatly declared wrong in 1870 by a popular commentator, 

who based his objection on etymology. 

A later scholar showed that the commentator 

was ignorant of Old English and thus unsound in his objection, 

but by then it was too late, 

as the condemnation had been picked up 

by many other commentators. 

 

Although a surprising number of critics still voice objections, 

loan is entirely standard as a verb. 

You should note that it is used only literally; 

lend is the verb used for figurative expressions,

such as "lending a hand" or "lending enchantment."

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Usage Notes

Loan vs. Lend

'Loan' has been a verb in English for 700 years. 

 

So why are people still complaining about it?

If your local bank approves you for a loan, 

then are they loaning you money or lending you money?

 

Much ink has been spilled over 

whether you can use loan as a verb.

Some usage commentators claim that the correct verb is lend. Is it?

 

The verb 'loan' entered English in the early 1300s.

 

So why do some people insist 

that the only correct verb is 'lend'?

 

It is true that loan was originally a noun 

to refer to a gift or a grant by someone 

in a better position than the recipient. 

 

This loan came into English in the 1200s. 

The verb loan, however, showed up not long after in the early 1300s. So are we really arguing about whether it's appropriate 

to use a verb that's been in the language for 700 years?

We are. 

 

It begins with Richard Grant White, 

a grammarian of the 19th century, 

who in his book Words and Their Uses, Past and Present 

declared that loan cannot be a verb at all, 

but must be a noun, because of its etymology: 

"The word is the past participle of the Anglo-Saxon verb lænan, 

to lend, and therefore of course means lent." 

Alas, poor White: 

loan is actually not the past participle of the Anglo-Saxon 

(aka Old English verb lænan. 

 

Loan, both verb and noun, came into English from Old Norse.

It turns out that 

the verb loan had fallen out of use in England 

during the 18th and 19th centuries in favor of lend. 

(Lend is the earlier word, dating back to about the 11th century, 

and comes from the Old English verb lænan.) 

 

But loan as a verb survived in American English, 

which hadn't kept pace with the changes 

to the language that were happening in British English.

 

British English speakers noticed the verb 

and decried it as uncouth and provincial

—it had to be if it was in the mouths of Americans. 

 

This dislike of the verb loan carried over into the late 1800s, 

though by the time White wrote his book in 1870, 

that dislike had become unhitched from British nationalism. 

 

White just happened to couch the generalized 

dislike in something that looked like scholarship.

 

His prohibition on the verb loan spread far and wide, 

even after his terrible etymologizing was debunked, 

and persists to varying degrees today. 

 

Bryan Garner, in his 2016 

Garner's Modern English Usage, Fourth Edition, 

writes that loan as a verb to refer to money 

"has long been considered permissible," 

but loan as a verb to refer to things is not as permissible. 

 

This in spite of the fact that the written record 

shows that loan has regularly been used 

to refer to things for almost 400 years now.

 

What's a writer to do? 

Loan as a verb is perfectly standard 

and has been for quite a while, 

though it's worth noting that it can only be used literally, 

as in "the bank loaned us the money." 

 

If you are worried that someone will take you to task 

for using loan as a verb, 

then you can always use lend as a verb. 

Figurative uses, like 

lending a hand or lending her support to the project, 

require lend.