2022-02-13 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – D - drank & drunk
2022-02-13
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – D - drank & drunk
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Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง drank = “DRANGK”
ออกเสียง drunk =”DRUHNGK”
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary:
drank & drunk
Many common verbs in English
change form when their past tense
is preceded by an auxiliary(“helping”) verb:
“I ran, I have run.”
The same is true of “drink.”
Don’t say “I’ve drank the beer”
unless you want people to think you are drunk.
An even more common error is “I drunk all the milk.”
It’s “I’ve drunk the beer”
and “I drank all the milk.”
Dictionary.com:
USAGE NOTE FOR Drink & Drunk
As with many verbs of the pattern
sing, sang, sung and ring, rang, rung,
there is some confusion about
the forms for the past tense andpast participle of drink.
The historical reason for this confusionis that
originally verbs of this class in Old English
had a past-tense singular form in a
but a past-tense plural form in u.
Generally the form in a has leveled out to become
the standard past-tense form:
We drank our coffee.
However, the past-tense form in u,
though considered nonstandard, occurs often in speech:
We drunk our coffee.
The standard and most frequent form
of the past participle of drink in both speech and writing is drunk:
Who has drunk all the milk?
However, perhaps
because of the association of drunk with intoxication,
drank is widely used as a past participle in speech by educated persons
and must be considered an alternate standard form:
The tourists had drank their fill of the scenery.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Usage Notes
The Unsteadiness of 'Drank' and 'Drunk'
How to use them responsibly
What to Know
In modern usage guides,
drank is the past tense of drink,
as in "I drank a lot last night,"
and drunk is the past participle (following "have"),
as in "Yes, I have drunk wine before."
Throughout history, however,
these words have been confused
and used in their opposite contexts,
perhaps because of the association
between the word drunk and intoxication.
Perhaps you have, at some point, found yourself
saying "I have drank..." or "I had drank...." Pretty reasonable.
Or maybe you’ve used drunk rather than drank
in the past tense while recounting a night out, or a very nice tea party.
Also within the bounds of reason.
So ... which time were you being grammatically correct?
Though technically incorrect,
drank used as a past participle
(the form of the verb used with be or have,
as in "I have never drank coffee") is not unheard of in speech,
and drunk occasionally is heard in place of drank as a past-tense verb
(“I lied before—I drunk a cup of coffee once”).
Inflections of the irregular verb drink
have seen unsteady use for centuries—even in writing.
The History of 'Drank' and 'Drunk'
According to the set rules for irregular verbs,
drank indicates the past tense and drunk is the past participle.
Other similar inflections are rang and rung for ring and sang and sung for sing.
The Oxford English Dictionary notes, however,
that drunk was accepted in past-tense usage from the 16th
through the 19th centuries,
and British Lexicographer Samuel Johnson
gives past-tense drunk as a standard variant
in his 1755 A Dictionary of the English Language.
On the flip side,
drank as a past participle showed up during the 17th century,
and it seems to have been commonly used
in writing throughout the 19th century.
It’s been suggested that
this substitution of drank for drunk
originated as a way to avoid the association of drunk with intoxication.
Given the social emphasis on morality in past times,
that thought seems sensible;
however, saying "I had drank too much wine"
doesn't hide the fact that you did indeed.
Nevertheless, it is likely that this intentional avoidance
of the word continues today.
Writers of early 20th-century handbooks,
striving to make irregular verb inflection uniform in English,
thought differently about drunk
and prescribed it as only a past participle of drink
that should be criticized when used for past tense.
Correct Usage of 'Drank' and 'Drunk'
Modern handbooks only recognize drunk asthe past participle,
so you will want to use the past drank
and the past participle drunk in writing.
Use of drunk as the past tense is essentially dialectal
and outside of dialect is considered incorrect.
Drank, on the other hand, has gained a level of acceptance in spoken use.
Another phrase you may have heard
is "I have/had drunken too much,"
as drunken was once a past participle of drink.
However, since the 17th century,
it has been mostly used as an adjective,
and its function as a verb is now deemed archaic.
Today, drunken is chiefly used attributively,
as in "drunken partiers" or "a drunken brawl,"
and is a complement to the adjective form of drunk.
Now who’s in for happy hour?
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary:
usage:
Confusion tends to arise regarding the forms
for the past tense and past participle of drink.
The standard past tense is drank:
We drank our coffee.
The standard past participle is drunk:
Who has drunk all the milk?
Yet drank has a long and respectable history in English
as a past participle:
Who has drank all the milk?
While this construction still occurs
in the speech of some educated persons,
it is largely rejected, esp. as a written form.
drunk as the past tense (We drunk our coffee)
was once a standard variant
but is now considered nonstandard,
although it sometimes occurs in speech.
See also drunk.
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