2022-02-10 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – D - donate & give
2022-02-10
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – D - donate & give
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Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง donate = “DOH-neyt” or “doh-NEYT”
ออกเสียง give = “GIV”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:
donate & give
These terms mean “to make a present of,”
“to bestow,”
“to contribute”:
“This company donate (or give) to the Red Cross every year.”
Donate is considered a genteel and polite word;
it has been suggested that
one gives a small sum and donate a large one.
Both words are standard,
but using give is recommended because the word is shorter
and simpler and is fully as meaningful as donate.
Only when referring to services (The actor donated his services)
is donate preferable to give.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Choose the Right Synonym for donate
Give, Present, Donate, Bestow, Confer, Afford
mean to convey to another as a possession.
Give, the general term, is applicable to any passing over of anything by any means.
give alms
gave her a ride on a pony
give my love to your mother
Present carries a note of formality and ceremony.
present an award
Donate is likely to imply a publicized giving (as to charity).
donate a piano to the orphanage
Bestow implies the conveying of something as a gift and may suggest condescension on the part of the giver.
bestow unwanted advice
Confer implies a gracious giving (as of a favor or honor).
confer an honorary degree
Afford implies a giving or bestowing usually as a natural or legitimate consequence of the character of the giver.
the trees afford shade
a development that affords us some hope
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Word History
What's Wrong with 'Donate'?
Why did your great-great grandparents cry when they heard this word?
There are many things about English
that appear to be, at best, nonsensical.
One does not have to dig very deep into our language
before coming up against such vexing queries as
“why do we park in the driveway and drive on the parkway?”,
“why does inflammable mean ‘capable of being burned,’ and ‘incapable of being burned’?”, and the ever popular
“why isn’t there a word for that thing my dog does?”
Donate' used to be considered unacceptable.
People really hated it—in much the same way
that some people hate words like 'incent' and 'liase' today.
In additional to the English language
occasionally taking a break from making sense,
our very manner of complaining
about the way this language is used
often appears to be illogical.
Some of us remain angry about usage
that has been common for hundreds of years (see: hopefully and literally).
And sometimes the guardians of our language wax wroth
about things that just don’t seem to matter all that much. Like donate.
You may not have been aware that
you were breaking some linguistic taboo of yore
whenever you lied to the IRS
and said that you had "donated"
a certain amount of money every year to some unnamed charity,
since we’ve come to accept this word into everyday use.
But at the end of the 19th century
it was thought improper by quite a few usage guides.
That being a more genteel and polite time than the present day,
the authors of these guides took care to inform
their public of this in a very patient and kindly fashion.
What’s so bad about donate?
It is a dreaded back-formation
(a word that is formed
by subtracting a real or supposed affix from an existing longer word), shortened from donation,
and this kind of word is occasionally frowned upon.
The fact that English has hundreds of perfectly useful
and accepted back-formations
(such as televise, from television, and escalate, from escalator)
has not deterred some people from deciding that
a few of them should be stricken from the language.
These days people are mostly focusing their anti-back-formation efforts
on specimens such as incent (from incentivize), or liaise (from liaison),
but 120 years ago it was quite fashionable to talk trash about donate.
Although this word appears to have been in use since the late 18th century it was not until 1870 that alarm bells began to ring when it was used.
One of the first writers to comment on it was Edward Gould, in 1870,
when he sneeringly observed that Noah Webster
had entered the word in his dictionary.
By the end of the 1870s
donate was included in the Index Expurgatorius,
the list of words complied by William Cullen Bryant,
the editor in chief of the New York Evening Post,
which were banned from his publication.
It remained suspect, if not entirely verboten, for a few decades,
but people appear to have taken enough of a liking for the word
that it became adopted and eventually accepted;
H. W. Howill, writing in A Dictionary of Modern American English (1935)
noted that although the British still viewed donate
as “a pretentious and magniloquent vulgarism,”
with Americans “it has acquired a place in the vocabulary of quite reputable terms.”
You would be hard-pressed to find anyone
who still views donate as unacceptable these days.
Our peeves about English language use are almost as susceptible
to change as is the language itself.
No less a peever than Richard Grant White
(the fellow who called donate “utterly abominable”)
recognized this a few years after calling on people
to avoid shortening donation;
he found a new word that had supplanted donate as supremely offensive,
and his campaign to have us all avoid using it
was every bit as successful as was his campaign against donate.
Dictionary.com:
SYNONYM STUDY FOR GIVE
Give, confer, grant, present
may mean that something concrete or abstract
is bestowed on one person by another.
Give is the general word:
to give someone a book, permission, etc.
Confer usually means to give an honor or a favor;
it implies courteous and gracious giving:
to confer a degree.
Grant is limited to the idea of acceding to a request;
it may apply to the bestowal of privileges,
or the fulfillment of an expressed wish:
to grant a charter, a prayer, permission, etc.
Present, a more formal word than give,
usually implies a certain ceremony in the giving:
to present a citation to a regiment.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Choose the Right Synonym for give
Verb
Give, Present, Donate, Bestow, Confer, Afford
mean to convey to another as a possession.
Give, the general term, is applicable to any passing over of anything by any means.
give alms
gave her a ride on a pony
give my love to your mother
Present carries a note of formality and ceremony.
present an award
Donate is likely to imply a publicized giving (as to charity).
donate a piano to the orphanage
Bestow implies the conveying of something as a gift and may suggest condescension on the part of the giver.
bestow unwanted advice
Confer implies a gracious giving (as of a favor or honor).
confer an honorary degree
Afford implies a giving or bestowing usually as a natural or legitimate consequence of the character of the giver.
the trees afford shade
a development that affords us some hope
Collins COBUILD English Usage:
give
1. form and word order
Give is a very common verb that has several meanings.
Its past tense is gave. Its -ed participle is given.
Give usually takes an indirect object.
For some meanings of give,
the indirect object must go in front of the direct object.
For other meanings, it can go
either in front of the direct object or after it.
2. physical actions
Give is often used to describe physical actions.
When you use give like this, put the indirect object
in front of the direct object.
For example, say
'He gave the ball a kick'.
Don't say 'He gave a kick to the ball'.
He gave the door a push.
Ana gave Bal's hand a squeeze.
3. expressions and gestures
Give is also used to describe expressions and gestures.
When give is used like this,
the indirect object goes in front of the direct object.
He gave her a kind smile.
As he passed me, he gave me a wink.
4. effects
You can also use give to describe
an effect produced by someone or something.
Again, the indirect object goes in front of the direct object.
I thought I'd give you a surprise.
That noise gives me a headache.
5. things
If you give someone something,
you offer it to them and they take it.
When you use give like this, the indirect object can go either
in front of the direct object or after it.
When you put the direct object first,
you put to in front of the indirect object.
She gave Ravinder the keys.
He gave the letter to the teacher.
However, when the direct object is a pronoun
such as it or them and the indirect object is not a pronoun,
you must put the direct object first.
Say 'He gave it to his father'.
Don't say 'He gave his father it'.
He poured some milk and gave it to Joseph.
6. information
You also say that
you give someone information, advice, a warning, or an order.
When give is used like this,
the indirect object can go either in front of the direct object or after it.
Her secretary gave the caller the message.
He gave a strict warning to them not to look at the sun.
The captain gave an order to his team.
Collins COBUILD English Usage:
offer – give – invite
1. 'offer'
If you offer something to someone,
you ask them if they would like to have it or use it.
He offered me a chocolate. I shook my head.
2. 'give'
If you put something in someone's hand expecting them to take it,
and they do take it,
don't say that you 'offer' it to them.
You say that you give it to them.
She gave Minnie the keys.
He gave me a red jewellery box.
3. 'offer to'
If you offer to do something, you say that you are willing to do it.
He offered to take her home in a taxi.
I offered to answer any questions.
4. 'invite'
If someone asks you to do something
that they think you will want to do,
don't say that they 'offer' you to do it.
You say that they invite you to do it.
I was invited to attend future meetings.
She invited me to come for dinner.
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