2023-05-22 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด I – Intense & intensive

Revision I

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Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง Intense = ‘in-TENS’

ออกเสียง intensive = ‘in-TEN-siv’

 

Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree 

intense

= in an extreme degree; straining; profoundly earnest: 

He is intense when it comes to writing his novel.

Not to be confused with:

intents = aims, purposes; intentions: 

His intents are to be rich and famous.

 

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,

in·tense′ly adv.

in·tense′ness n.

Usage Note: 

The meanings of intense and intensive overlap considerably, 

but the two adjectives often have distinct meanings. 

Intense often suggests a strength or concentration that arises from an inner disposition and is particularly appropriate for describing emotional states:

 

"He wondered vaguely why all this intense feeling went running because of a few burnt potatoes" (D.H. Lawrence). 

 

Intensive is more appropriate when the strength or concentration of an activity is imposed from without: 

"They worked out a system of intensive agriculture surpassing anything I ever heard of, with the very forests all reset with fruit- or nut-bearing trees" (Charlotte Perkins Gilman). 

Thus a reference to Mark's intense study of German suggests that Mark engaged in concentrated activity, while Mark's intensive study of German suggests the course Mark took was designed to cover a lot of material in a brief period.

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

intensive purposes or intents and purposes?

If you are casting about for the phrase that is used to say that 

“one thing has the same effect or result as something else,” 

you are looking for for all intents and purposes; 

you are not looking for intensive purposes. 

 

Your purposes may indeed be intensive in some way 

(we don’t want to know the details), 

but these two words are not commonly found together 

as an idiom. 

The pairing of intents and purposes 

comes from a 1546 Act of Parliament 

conveying that King Henry VIII 

had unlimited power to interpret laws; 

it contained the phrase 

“to all intents, constructions, and purposes.”

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Usage Notes

'For All Intensive Purposes': An Eggcorn

 

What's an "intensive" purpose, anyway?

 

What to Know

For all intents and purposes 

is a phrase meaning "essentially" or "in effect." 

It is often mistaken as for all intensive purposes 

because when spoken aloud 

these two phrases sound very similar. 

These mistakes, 

where incorrect words and phrases are replaced 

but the meaning remains the same, are known as eggcorns.

 

What Does For All Intents and Purposes Mean?

Both constructions imply that one thing may not be exactly like another thing but it, nevertheless, has the same effect or gives the same result. 

In other words, the phrase means "in effect" or "essentially."

 

What is an Eggcorn?

When spoken aloud, you may find that "for all intents and purposes" sounds a lot like "for all intensive purposes,"

but that does not legitimize the latter as a variant. 

 

Intensive is an adjective, 

meaning "highly concentrated" or "exhaustive," 

and intents is a noun, 

meaning "purposes." 

They're not exactly interchangeable. 

 

(That aside, what exactly is "a highly concentrated purpose"? We're not sure, either.) 

Nevertheless, you will encounter 

"for all intensive purposes" in both speech and print.

 

When mistaken formations of words or phrases 

are used in a seemingly logical or plausible way, 

like "for all intensive purposes," 

it's known as an eggcorn. 

(The word eggcorn itself comes from 

people hearing the word acorn as eggcorn 

enough that linguists adopted it as the term.) 

 

A similar mishearing 

that is a linguistic venial sin 

goes by the name mondegreen. 

 

Unlike a mondegreen, however, 

an eggcorn generally retains the same meaning 

as the original form (e.g., "for all intensive purposes")

 

. Perhaps, you were one of the schoolchildren 

who stood up each morning, hand on heart, to pledge allegiance "to the Republic for Richard Stans" 

(instead of "to the Republic for which it stands"). 

If so, you've been duped by the mondegreen.

 

One of the earliest recorded examples of the eggcorn 

"for all intensive purposes" is in a May 1870 issue 

of the Indiana newspaper The Fort Wayne Daily Gazette:

He has never had a representative in Congress 

nor in the State Legislature nor in any municipal office, 

and to all intensive purposes, politically speaking, 

he might have well have been dead.

 

This use of the phrase in an edited newspaper 

implies that it was already commonly used in speech

—enough so that it escaped the eyes of the writer of the article, those of a copyeditor, and probably a majority of readers.

 

If you're one of the many whose eyes twitch 

when they see this eggcorn, consider this article your vindication. 

If it's coming as news to you, this is why that editor/friend/Internet stranger got so mad. 

Should you decide to throw caution to the wind 

and enjoy "intensive purposes" in the future, 

we suggest restricting it to speech. 

There's much less of a paper trail there.

 

COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY 

inˈtensely adv

inˈtenseness n

Usage: 

Intense is sometimes wrongly used where intensive is meant: 

the land is under intensive (not intense) cultivation. 

Intensely is sometimes wrongly used where intently is meant: 

he listened intently (not intensely)

 

Collins COBUILD English Usage

Intense  & intensive

1. 'intense'

Intense means 'very great or strong'.

...intense heat.

I could not help feeling intense discomfort.

 

2. 'intensive'

Intensive activities involve using a lot of energy or effort 

in order to achieve something in a short time.

Intensive training courses are provided by the local authority.

...my last intensive preparations for my Ph.D.

 

Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression

Intense & intensive

Intense means “strong,” “acute” (Intense fear); 

“to a high or extreme degree” (Intense cold); 

“severe,” “great” (Intense sunlight); 

“strenuous” (Intense activity); and 

“emotional” (an Intense person).

Intensive has several of the meanings of Intense, 

but it is usually used to indicate concentration or compression: 

“The chemists spent a year in Intensive research on this compound.”

“The attorney directed Intensive questioning at his client.”

“That battalion received Intensive shelling from the enemy.”

That which is Intensive is usually Intense, but what is Intense need not be Intensive:

“The fire chief will make an intensive search for causes of this Intense fire.”