2021-05-14 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – author
2021-05-14
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – author
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง author = ‘AW-ther’
Adj. = authorial = ‘aw-THAWR-ee-uh’
Dictionary.com
How Authors Named Their Famous Characters
What’s in a name? A lot, apparently!
It’s no secret that writers agonize over what to name their characters.
It’s for good reason: a name can make orbreak
how audiences remember a character.
It hasthe potential to be truly iconic.
Many authors can’t even begin to write
until they’ve given each and every person in their book a name.
So how does one even go about this herculean task?
Well, let’s take a dive into
how some of the most famous literary characterswere named.
You’ll be surprised at how many were originally named something else,
and how significant their names are to their characters!
1. Hermione Granger
Starting off this list is J.K. Rowling’s beloved witch heroine,
Hermione Granger.
Hermione was gleaned from the Shakespeare play
“The Winter’s Tale,” while Granger is a common surname.
While some characters have names that are metaphors for their character, Hermione’s name speaks more to her parents.
Rowling has said of the name:
“It just seemed like the sort of name
that a pair of professional dentists,
who liked to prove how clever they were [would choose] …
do you know what I mean?”
Hermione’s original surname was Puckle.
Rowling decided against that name because it didn’t fit the character.
We’d be inclined to agree!
2. Sherlock Holmes
The most famous detective in the world also has an iconic name.
It’s become synonymous with intelligence and wit.
According to lore, the author of the Sherlock Holmes series,
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle,
named the character over and over again before settling.
Holmes was very close to being named Sherrinford Hope.
However, Doyle’s first wife thought the name was entirely awful
and told him to change it, which is when Doyle landed on Holmes.
There are two plausible theories that were
neither confirmed nor denied by Doyle regarding the name Sherlock.
Sherlock was the name of famed violinistAlfred Sherlock.
The other theory has the name originating from the game of cricket,
of which Doyle was a huge fan.
These two players were thought to inspire the writer
into combining the two:
Frank Shacklock and Mordecai Sherwin.
3. Holden Caulfield
J.D. Salinger’s quintessential novel of teenage angst and cynicism,
The Catcher in the Rye, is narrated by main character Holden Caulfield.
Caulfield, a boy who spends the novel lamenting
that everything is “phony,”
is thought to be one of the most important characters in 20th-century literature.
The legend surrounding the origin of Holden’s name
is thought to be tied to cinema.
It’s said Salinger got the name from a marquee for the movie
Dear Ruth starring William Holden and Joan Caulfield.
The name was transposed from the silver screen onto the page.
4. Galadriel
Galadriel comes from the rich world of Lord of the Rings,
written by J.R.R Tolkien.
Tolkien, an academic who studied language and philology,
famouslyinvented the languages in the beloved books
that make up his legendarium.
Inspirations for these languages
included Old Norse, Middle English, and Latin.
One of the languages spoken by elves, Sindarin,
is the source of Galadriel’s name.
Tolkien translated her name as “glittering garland,”
most likely in reference to her gleaming blonde hair.
It’s a name fitting for
one of the mightiest and fairest elves in Middle-earth.
5. Bran Stark
Fans of George R.R. Martin’s Game of Thrones series
assumed nothing of little Bran Stark,
whose name is seemingly as simple as his place in the novel.
For much of the series, he was plagued with visions and paralysis.
However, when you delve into what Bran’s name means,
it’s clear he was always destined for greatness in Westeros.
Martin has stated he can’t write about a character until it’s been named,
and names have a big significance in the families within the novels.
Within the Stark family, which itself means “strong” or “sharp,”
there is a Bran for every generation.
Brandon the Builder was the founder of House Stark.
All hail the king of the six kingdoms!
6. James Bond
Bond has seen countless iterations of his persona
in both film and literature,
influencing pop culture with his sharp tuxedos
and his “shaken, not stirred” drinks.
Do you know how 007 got his civilian name?
The origin story is meant to bore you.
Ian Fleming, who created the character in 1952,
needed a name that was the
“simplest, dullest, plainest-sounding name I could find.
” Fleming, who was a birdwatcher,
took the name of the very real ornithologist James Bond.
After meeting Bond and his wife, he decided the
“brief, unromantic, Anglo-Saxon and yet very masculine name”
was perfect for the character he was envisioning.
7. Jack Reacher
Another singular agent comes in the form of Jack Reacher,
who lives within the pages of more than 23 novels by Lee Child.
Some might better recognize Jack Reacher
as played by actor Tom Cruise in the series of successful action films.
When asked about the origin of Reacher’s name,
Child recounts how a stint of unemployment had him running errands,
like going to the supermarket,
where he would be asked to reach up high and get thingsfor the elderly.
His wife commented he might have a future profession as a “reacher”
at the market, and he thought it sounded perfect as a surname.
It’s a testament to creativity’s tenacity;
it could really strikefrom the most mundane of events.
8. Holly Golightly
Ever since the novella Breakfast at Tiffany’s by Truman Capote
was published in 1958, the world has been entranced by socialite
and all-around charmer Holly Golightly.
This fascination was furthered by the 1961 film
in which Golightly was played by the effervescent Audrey Hepburn.
However, Holly Golightly was originally named Connie Gustafson.
When Capote’s hand-edited manuscripts were auctioned off in 2013,
all instances of Connie were scratched out in red and rewritten with Holly.
All this transpired right before the novella went to print,
suggesting Capote had a sudden change of heart
regarding the name of his transcendent heroine.
9. Moby Dick
Like some of the other names on this list,
the great sperm whale Moby Dick got a dose of real-life inspiration.
Herman Melville wrote Moby Dick in 1851.
The famous novel, and one of the greatest pieces of literature,
recounts the tale of a whaling ship captain’s quest
to exact revenge on a white whale that bit off his leg.
There was a real whale that plagued whalers in the 1830s.
This whale, dubbed Mocha Dick,
was so named because it was often seen
near the island of Mocha in the Pacific Ocean.
Dick is a common nickname for those named Richard,
also a common name.
Melville lifted not only the name but also the tale of the difficult,
white sperm whale.
10. Voldemort
He-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named has a surprising amount of names,
from the simple Tom Riddle to the very famous Voldemort.
Voldemort, of course, is the antagonist of J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series.
The flair that makes Voldemort roll off the tongue is very intentional.
Rowling took the name Voldemort from
the French words vol (“flight”), de (“of”), and mort (“death”).
It’s one of the many made-up words and names that populate the series,
but it definitely works to conjure up a creepy tone.
Rowling has said that she wanted to give
You-Know-Who a mundane name (Tom)
as a perfect contrast to the sinister-sounding Voldemort.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Author
The use of author as a verb
has irritated untold thousands over the years,
as it is often seen
as a pretentious (or simply mistaken) alternative to write.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
'Author' is a Verb
You might author something even if you are not a writer
For all the dreamers typing in the corners of coffee shops,
transforming from a writer to an author
might seem like the ultimate fantasy.
But what those frantic scribblers may not know
is author, used as a verb, vanished from our lexicon for centuries.
The verb author has a very strange history
marked by a large gap of disuse.
It first appears in the late 1500s with both definitions
that are in use today—"to be the author of" and "to originate or create"
—butinexplicably the verb
nearly disappeared from about the mid-1600s to the early 1900s.
Writers did occasionally employ the participial form authoring
as a noun during the 18th and 19th centuries.
There are certain mysteries or secrets in all trades,
from the highest to the lowest, from
that of primeministering to this of authoring,
which are seldom discovered, unless to members of the same calling.
— Henry Fielding, Joseph Andrews, 1742
Mr. Muggyson, permit me to ask you what d'ye think of my authoring?
Is it not slap—to the point?
— Thomas Hall, "Effects" and Adventures of Raby Rattler, 1845
There is also evidence of writers using
authored as an adjective in the late 19th century.
It is one of his double-authored pieces;
and at present I incline to allow to Jonson little more than the prose, or comic scenes.
— Antiquary, 1882
It is over 300 years after its debut in the English language,
however, that author emerges from the abyss of obsolescence
as a standard verb in both of its original senses.
One of the earliest 20th-century examples of author meaning
"to make or create" comes from a sportswriter.
That might seem a bit surprising,
but it shows that the verb was experiencing a genuine rebirth.
... when Buddy Maracle authored the goal
which roused the ire of Coach Eddie Powers.
— J. Earl Chevalier, The Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 22 Jan. 1931
Although the verb uncannily returned to the living language,
it wasn't fully embraced.
Some critics viewed it as a pretentious substitute for write
that was to be avoided.
Careful writers, however, helped introduce it to the general lexicon
as a word having a slightly different use
than the common verb write: essentially,
author came to be used
for writing entailing thorough editing and vetting,
especially in preparation for publication.
This unique use gave author a connotation not commonly
associated with the general verb write.
One authors a book or a screenplay, for instance, but not a school essay.
Authored by corrosion engineers and steel pile specialists,
the book provides an in-depth study of the problems
and remedies associated with corrosion of steel piles.
— Civil Engineering, November 1981
… all of these books were authored by U.S.-educated anthropologists
who did their fieldwork … during the late 1970s and early 1980s….
— Andrew Kipnis, American Anthropologist, June 2003
… Journey's End, first produced in 1928 by James Whale
(who later directed Frankenstein) and written by R.C. Sherriff,
who also authored the screenplays for
The Invisible Man and Goodbye, Mr. Chips.
— John Haney, Gourmet, March 2005
Another modern application of the resurrected
author was for the writing of laws.
… a universal child-care bill, authored by Rep. Shirley Chisholm....
— Kara Jesella, Ms. Magazine, Summer 2009
How could the party that authored the New Deal
and the Great Society, that championed
civil rights for women and minorities and rescued the environment,
that created, to so large a degree,
the America that Americans are proud of, be so exiled from power?
— Russ Rymer, Mother Jones, November 2005
It should be noted that when a law is said to be "authored,"
there is often the implication that it was
created by the combined efforts of its prime mover and its supporters.
This association of the verb author
withjoint effort is not exclusive to legislation.
Author is often used in reference
to plans, films, even technological creations and football drives
in which more than one hand is likely to have been involved.
Harding had authored the plan,
but Clark had proposed the one move least expected by the Germans....
—Robert Katz, The Battle for Rome, 2003
Movies that are conceived and authored in 3-D
simply have a higher degree of quality.
—Jeffrey Katzenberg, quoted in USA Today, 28 Mar. 2011
… Hubble, among the most productive technical instruments
authored by humanity, represents a scientific triumph.
— Dan Vergano, USA Today, 28 June 2011
He also authored what many believe to be the greatest
two-minute drive in Super Bowl history—88 yards in eight plays
(after a holding penalty), the last one a pinpoint pass
to Santonio Holmes for 6 yards and the winning touchdown….
— Ed Bouchette, The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 7 Sept. 2014
Considering these unique modern uses of author,
it seems the verb was not simply dug up by 20th-century writers
as a fancy synonym for write or create.
It is tactfully employed as a word
for the crafting of a well-thought-out written work
and for the production of other things formed in a combined effort.
Today, author can be used as
a highfalutin synonym for the more everyday words write or create,
or it can be called on for its distinct connotations
of creating a piece of writing worthy of publication
or of creating some nonliterary thing in collaboration with others.
So those coffee shop writers should not only aspire to become authors.
They should also dream of being a part of the kind of community
that could allow them to collaborate and author a literarywork.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
au·thor′i·al (ô-thôr′ē-əl, ô-thŏr′-) adj.
Usage Note:
The verb author has been criticized
for its transitive use as an unnecessary or pretentious synonymof write,
though note that it
typically refers to the writing of material that has been published
—and not to unpublished texts such as love letters or diaries.
So, the two words are not exact synonyms.
The Usage Panel has tended to sympathize with the traditional view,
but this sympathy has been slowly eroding over the decades.
In 1964, 81 percent of the Panel found the verb unacceptable in writing.
In our 1988 survey, 74 percent rejected it in the sentence
He has authored a dozen books on the subject.
In 2001, the proportion of Panelists
who rejected this same sentence fell to 60 percent.
Journalists frequently use the verb author
to apply to the creation or sponsoring of legislative acts,
as in The senator authored a bill limiting uses of desert lands in California.
In these cases
the lawmaker may not have actually written the bill
that bears his or her name but rather promoted its idea and passage.
While the Panelists were a bit more tolerant of this legislative usage,
the nays still have the slightest edge,
with 51 percent rejecting the previously quoted sentence in 2001,
down from 64 percent in 1988.
This suggests that the verb will eventually be accepted by most people.
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
Author
An author is a person who writes,
one who practiceswriting as his profession or vocation.
The useof the words as a transitive verb (to author a book)
is widespread but is not considered standard.
Instead of “to author”
say “to write” or “to compose” or “to create.”
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