โคกกระสุน Tribulus terrestris:
ตัวอย่างการวิจัย วัชพืช ที่เป็นยา ใช้กันทั่วโลก
J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Apr;85(2-3):257-60.
Tribulus terrestris: preliminary study of its diuretic and contractile effects and comparison with Zea mays.
Al-Ali M, Wahbi S, Twaij H, Al-Badr A.
Department of Urology, St. Bartholomew's, The Royal London & Homerton University Hospitals, 224B East End Road, East Finchley, N2 8AX, London, UK. [email protected]
OBJECTIVES: Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae) which is called Al-Gutub (in Iraqi dialect) or Quti;ba (in classical Arabic medicine), and Zea mays were both used alone or in combination by Iraqi herbalists to propel urinary stones. We studied the aqueous extract of the leaves and fruits of T. terrestris and the hair of Z. mays, to determine their diuretic activity and the contractile effect of T. terrestris. METHODS: The aqueous extract was filtered and the solvent was evaporated to produce a dry crude extract. The dry extract was then dissolved in physiological saline to make the required concentrations. Wistar male rats were used for the diuresis test and strips of isolated Guinea pig ileum were used for the contractility test. RESULTS: The aqueous extract of T. terrestris, in oral dose of 5g/kg elicited a positive diuresis, which was slightly more than that of furosemide. Z. mays aqueous extract did not result in significant diuresis when given alone in oral dose of 5g/kg, while combination of Z. mays and T. terrestris extracts produced the same extent of diuresis as that produced by T. terrestris alone. Na(+), K(+) and Cl(+) concentrations in the urine had also much increased. In addition to its diuretic activity T. terrestris had evoked a contractile activity on Guinea pig ileum. CONCLUSION: T. terrestris has long been used empirically to propel urinary stones. The diuretic and contractile effects of T. terrestris indicate that it has the potential of propelling urinary stones and merits further pharmacological studies.
PMID: 12639749 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Trop Biomed. 2006 Jun;23(1):45-51.
Recovery of phosphatase and transaminase activity of mercury intoxicated Mus musculus (Linn.) liver tissue by Tribulus terrestris (Linn.) (Zygophyllaceae) extract.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002.
The efficacy of the methanolic fraction (MF) of Tribulus terrestris fruit extract on mercury intoxicated mice, Mus musculus has been studied. At a median-lethal dose of mercuric chloride (12.9 mg/kg body wt.) administration an enhanced level of glutamate oxaloacete transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transminase (GPT) and simultaneously decreased level of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALT) activities were noticed in the liver. Due to the mercury toxicity the liver cells are damaged to cause the alterations in their enzymes. During the recovery period, all the enzymological parameters are restored to reach near normal level. The result suggested that the oral administration of MF of T. terrestris fruit extract has (6 mg/kg body wt.) provided protection against the mercuric chloride induced hepatic damage in the mice, M. musculus.
PMID: 17041551 [PubMed - in process]
J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Apr 6;104(3):351-5. Epub 2005 Nov 9.
Antihypertensive and vasodilator effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Tribulus terrestris in rats.
Phillips OA, Mathew KT, Oriowo MA
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, 13110 Safat, Kuwait.
The effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Tribulus terrestris on rat blood pressure (BP) and the perfused mesenteric vascular bed were investigated. The extracts dose-dependently reduced BP in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) with the aqueous fraction being more potent than the methanolic fraction at all doses tested. In vitro, the methanolic but not aqueous extract produced a dose-dependent increase in perfusion pressure of the mesenteric vascular bed. When perfusion pressure was raised with phenylephrine (10(-5) M), the aqueous extract produced a dose-dependent reduction in perfusion pressure at all doses. A low dose of the methanolic extract produced a vasoconstrictor effect while higher doses produced dose-dependent reduction in perfusion pressure. L-NAME (10(-4) M) significantly reduced but did not abolish vasodilation induced by the extracts. Vasodilator responses to aqueous and methanolic fractions were significantly reduced in preparations where perfusion pressure was raised with KCl (60 mM). A combination of KCl and L-NAME abolished the vasodilator responses induced by the extracts. It was concluded that methanolic and aqueous extracts of Tribulus terrestris possess significant antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The antihypertensive effects appeared to result from a direct arterial smooth muscle relaxation possibly involving nitric oxide release and membrane hyperpolarization.
PMID: 16289603 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
J Environ Biol. 2006 May;27(2 Suppl):397-400.
Role of Tribulus terrestris (Linn.) (Zygophyllacea) against mercuric chloride induced nephrotoxicity in mice, Mus musculus (Linn.).
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, India.
The present study investigates the influence of methanolic fraction (MF) of Tribulus terrestris fruit extract on the kidney tissues of mercury intoxicated mice, Mus musculus. At median-lethal dose of mercuric chloride (12.9 mg/kg body weight), the whole kidney tissue showed an increased level of lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and simultaneously a decreased level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH). These parameters reached to near normal after administration of fruit extracts of T. terrestris for 7 days. The results suggested that the oral administration of methanolic fraction of Tribulus terrestris fruit extract at dose 6 mg/kg body weight provided protection against the mercuric chloride induced toxicity in the mice.
PMID: 17436531 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
J Environ Biol. 2006 May;27(2 Suppl):397-400.
Role of Tribulus terrestris (Linn.) (Zygophyllacea) against mercuric chloride induced nephrotoxicity in mice, Mus musculus (Linn.).
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, India.
The present study investigates the influence of methanolic fraction (MF) of Tribulus terrestris fruit extract on the kidney tissues of mercury intoxicated mice, Mus musculus. At median-lethal dose of mercuric chloride (12.9 mg/kg body weight), the whole kidney tissue showed an increased level of lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and simultaneously a decreased level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH). These parameters reached to near normal after administration of fruit extracts of T. terrestris for 7 days. The results suggested that the oral administration of methanolic fraction of Tribulus terrestris fruit extract at dose 6 mg/kg body weight provided protection against the mercuric chloride induced toxicity in the mice.
PMID: 17436531 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
Experimental Biology and Medicine 232:126-133 (2007)© 2007 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Saponins from Tribulus terrestris L. Are Less Toxic for Normal Human Fibroblasts than for Many Cancer Lines: Influence on Apoptosis and Proliferation
V. K. Neychev*,1, E. Nikolova*, N. Zhelev and V. I. Mitev*
* Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria; and University of Abertay Dundee, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland
To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University, 2 Zdrave Street, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria. E-mail: [email protected]
The objective of the study was to explore the influence of saponins derived from Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) on normal human skin fibroblasts and to compare it with their anticancer properties. In this study, [3H]thymidine incorporation and MTT to assess cell proliferation and viability, respectively, and immunoblotting and HPLC analysis to explore intracellular signal transduction pathways have been used. We found that TT caused a dose-dependent decrease in [3H]thymidine incorporation into the DNA of treated fibroblast compared to the untreated controls. Viability of treated cells remained within the control levels with treatment of up to 5 µg TT/ml medium. It was significantly depressed with incubation in 
6 µg TT/ml medium with an IC50 of 12.6 µg TT/ml of cultivating media. ERK1/2 was significantly dephosphorylated at 5 mins of incubation with TT until the 48th hour, when phosphorylation slightly recovered, but was still below the control levels. In contrast, p38 and JNK phosphorylation was positively influenced, with peaks at 1 hr and 24 hrs of incubation respectively. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events of SAPK/MAPK clearly correlated with Mkp-1 induction. Procaspase 3 was activated after 5 mins of incubation and coincided with a rapid actin cleavage. There was a significant decrease of putrescine concentration and a concomitant increase of spermidine and spermine at 2 mins of treatment. According to our results, TT is less toxic for normal human skin fibroblasts in comparison to many cancer lines investigated in previous studies. The molecular mechanism of this cytotoxicity involves up- and downregulation of polyamines’ homeostasis, suppression of proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. Further research in this field using animal models would help to explore and interpret the potential properties of TT as an anticancer supplement.
Key Words: Tribulus terrestris L. • fibroblast • cytotoxicity • saponins
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2006 Apr-Jun;7(2):289-94.
Chemopreventive potential of Tribulus terrestris against 7,12- dimethylbenz (a) anthracene induced skin papillomagenesis in mice.
Radiation and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, India.
In the present investigation, the chemopreventive potential of aqueous extracts of the root and fruit of Tribulus terrestris (an Ayurvedic medicinal plant) on 7, 12 - dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced papillomagenesis in male Swiss albino mice was studied. A significant reduction in tumor incidence, tumor burden and cumulative number of papillomas was observed, along with a significant increase in average latent period in mice treated orally with Tribulus terrestris suspension continuously at pre, peri and post-initiation stages of papillomagenesis as compared to the control group treated with DMBA and croton oil alone. Treatment with Tribulus terrestris suspension by oral gavage for 7 days resulted in a significant increase in the reduced glutathione content in the liver (P< 0.001 for both root and fruit extracts). Conversely, lipid peroxidation levels were significantly decreased (P< 0.001).
PMID: 16839225 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Zhong Yao Cai. 2002 Jun;25(6):420-2.
[Hypoglycemic effect of saponin from Tribulus terrestris] [Article in Chinese]
Li M, Qu W, Wang Y, Wan H, Tian C.
School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062.
OBJECTIVE: To study the hypoglycemic effect of saponin from Tribulus terrestris L. METHOD: Alloxan was used to establish the diabetic model in mice. Phenformin Hydrochlride Tables was used as the positive control. The level of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and SOD in serum were determined. RESULTS: The level of serum glucose could be significantly reduced by saponin from Tribulus terrestris, which was the rate of 26.25% and 40.67% in normal mice and diabetic mice in respectively. The level of serum triglyceride could be reduced 23.35%. The saporin could also decrease the content of serum cholesterol. Serum SOD activity of the mice was increased by the saponin. CONCLUSION: Saponin from Tribulue terrestris could significantly reduce the level of serum glucose.
PMID: 12583337 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Zhong Yao Cai. 2001 Aug;24(8):586-8.
[Effect of the decoction of tribulus terrestris on mice gluconeogenesis]
School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062.
The decoction of Tribulus terresteis could significantly inhibit the gluconeogenesis and influence glycometabolism on normal mice. The decoction could also reduce the level of triglyceride and the content of cholesterol in the plasma.
PMID: 11715199 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Zhong Yao Cai. 2003 May;26(5):341-4.
[Effect of saponin from Tribulus terrestris on hyperlipidemia]
School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062.
The preventive and therapeutic effects of saponin from Tribulus terrestris L. on diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice have been studied. It showed that in preventive experiment the saponin could significantly low the levels of serum TC (P < 0.05), LDL-c (P < 0.01) and liver TC (P < 0.05), TG (P < 0.05), and increase the activities of superoxide-dismutase (SOD) in liver. The therapeutic experiment showed that the saponin could significantly reduce the contents of serum TC (P < 0.05) and liver TC (P < 0.01).
PMID: 14535016 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Volume 1084 published November 2006
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1084: 391–401 (2006). doi: 10.1196/annals.1372.005
Copyright © 2006 by the New York Academy of Sciences
The Protective Effect of Tribulus terrestris in Diabetes
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