The mission of the FBI is to uphold the law through the investigation of violations of federal criminal law; to protect the United States from foreign intelligence and terrorist activities; to provide leadership and law enforcement assistance to federal, state, local, and international agencies; and to perform these responsibilities in a manner that is responsive to the needs of the public and is faithful to the United States Constitution. The Bureau's motto is "Fidelity, Bravery, Integrity."
Information obtained through an FBI investigation is presented to the appropriate U.S. Attorney or DOJ official, who decides if prosecution or other action is warranted. Top priority has been assigned to three areas: counterterrorism, foreign counterintelligence, and cyber crime.
As of June 2002, the FBI's official top priority is counterterrorism. The second priority is counterintelligence. The USA PATRIOT Act granted the FBI increased powers, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of internet activity. One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called "sneak and peek" provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to notify the residents for several weeks afterwards. Under the PATRIOT Act's provisions the FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records of those it suspected of terrorism, something it had supposedly not done since the 1970s. The bureau is also charged with the responsibility of enforcing compliance of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 and investigating violations of The Act in addition to prosecuting such violations with the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). The FBI also shares concurrent jurisdiction with the DEA in the enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.
The FBI originated from a force of Special Agents created on July 26, 1908, by Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte during the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. At first it was named the Bureau of Investigation (BOI) and it did not become the FBI until 1935.
Under J. Edgar Hoover, who became director of the Bureau on May 10, 1924, the agency spent much of its energy investigating political activists who were not accused of any crime (e.g., Albert Einstein as a socialist).
The FBI Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory (better known as the FBI Crime Lab) officially opened on November 24, 1932.
During the 1930s, the agency played a prominent role in apprehending a number of well-known criminals who had conducted kidnappings, robberies and murders throughout the nation. These included John Dillinger, "Baby Face" Nelson, Kate "Ma" Barker, Alvin Karpis and George "Machine Gun" Kelly. It also played a decisive role in reducing the scope and influence of the Ku Klux Klan. Through the work of Edwin Atherton, the FBI claimed success in apprehending an entire army of Mexican neo-revolutionaries along the California border in the 1920's.
Beginning with the 1940s and continuing into the 1970s, the agency investigated cases of espionage against the United States and its allies. Eight Nazi agents who had planned sabotage operations against American targets were arrested.
Although Hoover initially doubted the existence of a close-knit organized crime network in the United States, the bureau later conducted operations against known organized crime syndicates and families, including those headed by Sam Giancana and John Gotti.
During the 1950s and 1960s, the FBI carried out controversial domestic surveillance in an operation called Cointelpro. It aimed at investigating and disrupting dissident political organizations within the United States, including militant organizations and non-violent movements, including the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a leading civil rights organization (LA Times, March 8, 2006, archived at: www.commondreams.org/views06/0308-27.htm). Martin Luther King, Jr. was a frequent target of investigation. The FBI found no evidence of any crime, but attempted to use tapes of King involved in sexual activity for blackmail. In his 1991 memoirs, Washington Post journalist Carl Rowan asserted that the FBI had sent at least one anonymous letter to King encouraging him to commit suicide.[1]
Any author, television script writer, or producer may consult with the FBI about closed cases or our operations, services, or history. However, there is no requirement that they do so, and the FBI does not edit or approve their work. Some authors, television programs, or motion picture producers offer reasonably accurate presentations of our responsibilities, investigations, and procedures in their story lines, while others present their own interpretations or introduce fictional events, persons, or places for dramatic effect. Here are some examples when the FBI was used in television and movies:
In 1959, Warner Bros. and director Mervyn LeRoy produced a film about the FBI entitled The FBI Story. It told the history of the FBI from the point of view of a fictitious character, Chip Hardesty (played by James Stewart). FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover served as consultant on the film, and made sure the FBI would be portrayed in an accurate light--this forced director LeRoy to reshoot several scenes that did not meet with the FBI's approval.
In 1965, Warner Bros. Television produced a long-running television series called The F.B.I., based in part on concepts from the FBI Story film. The series, which ran until 1974, was taken from actual FBI cases, told through the eyes of fictitious agent Louis Erskine (played by Efrem Zimbalist, Jr.). Epilogues to most episodes included Zimbalist stepping out of character to warn viewers of the FBI's "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" (this was years before Fox's America's Most Wanted). After the show was cancelled, WB TV continued to produce TV movies based on the FBI.
In 1981, the show was completely revived with entirely new cast and production crew as Today's F.B.I., with Mike Connors (Mannix), but it only lasted one season.
In 1986, Margaret Truman (daughter of former President Truman) wrote a novel entitled Murder at the FBI, dealing with the murder of two FBI agents.
A movie produced in 1988 named FEDS, gave an insight into how women train at the FBI Academy. This movie did not do so well with it's premire and the comdey is very dry.
The 1991 Orion Pictures film Silence of the Lambs starred Jodie Foster as a rookie FBI agent in pursuit of a serial killer. The film received five Acadamy Awards, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor and Best Actress.
From 1993 to 2002, Fox TV produced the television series The X-files, which concerned investigations of paranormal phenomena by fictional Agents Dana Scully and Fox Mulder. There was also one feature film produced, also called The X-Files, in 1998.
In 2002, Pax TV aired Sue Thomas: F.B.Eye, based on the real life of and about the world's first deaf FBI agent of the show's title.
In 2002, CBS began airing the show Without a Trace, about the FBI missing persons unit in New York City
In 2005, CBS began airing the show Numb3rs, about FBI agents in Los Angeles.
There are 11,000 special agents and over 17,000 officers.
The Bureau has endured public criticism and internal conflict in the past decade as it attempts both to modernize technologically and to take on a greater counter-terrorism role.
On July 1, 1932, the Bureau was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. One year later on July 1, 1933, it was linked with the Bureau of Prohibition and became known as the Division of Investigation. Finally, in 1935, the bureau was renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). After J. Edgar Hoover's death, the FBI imposed a policy limiting the tenure of future FBI directors to a maximum of ten years.
The FBI Directors from this period on are:
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
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8023 State Route 213
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E-mail:[email protected]
Phone: +36(21) 2524605
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E-mail:[email protected]
Phone: +36(21) 2524605