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The mental foramen is an opening in the facial aspect of the mandible in the premolar area. This photograph of the mandible demonstrates the usual location of the mental foramen. You can see that its position will cause it to appear radiographically near the apex of the lower second premolar. As this drawing demonstrates, the mental foramen provides the exit point from within the mandible for the mental nerve, as well as the inferior alveolar artery. In periapical radiographs the mental foramen appears as a rounded radiolucency in the apical region distal to the canine and mesial to the first molar. Often it is not as distinct as some other landmarks, but recognizing it is important. Sometimes the mental foramen will be superimposed on the apex of a premolar, and will give the appearance of pulpal pathology. The best way to differentiate periapical disease from the mental foramen is to identify the periodontal membrane space to see if it is confluent with the radiolucent opening. If the apical radiolucency is due to periapical pathology, the periodontal membrane will appear to join the radiolucency, but if the lucent area is due to the mental foramen, then the periodontal membrane space will remain intact, and can be distinctly followed around the tooth apex. Notice the difference in appearance of the pathology at the apex of the distal root of the first molar and the radiolucency of the mental foramen which superimposes on the apex of the second premolar

http://www.unc.edu/~jbl/PA_anat/Norm_man_PA_Anat.html

ในเวบยังมี normal anatomic อื่นๆด้วยใครสนใจลองเข้าไปดูนะครับ